5IO CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Lamium purpureum of Europe and Northern Asia. With other species called in Britain deaf- 

 nettle or dead-nettle (Prior), in Germany " taubnessel " (Grieb), in Italy " lamio " (Lenz), and possi- 

 bly one of the kinds mentioned by Pliny xxii. 16 as distinguished by the Romans:— the " urtica 

 mortua " is mentioned in Ortus sanitatis ; L. purpureum is described by Brunfels i. p. 153, and Tragus 

 f. 2 (Spreng.) ; is termed "1. purpureum foetidum folio subrotundo " by Tournefort inst. 183 ; and is 

 known to occur in waste and cultivated ground from Italy throughout middle and Northern Europe 

 as far as Lapland in Lat. 69 and Iceland (fl. Dan. pi. 532, Hook., and A. Dec). Eastward, was 

 observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus and Greek 

 islands ; by Bieberstein, in waste places along the Taurian mountains ; and by Thunberg, frequent 

 along roadsides in Japan and called "fiofuki " or " kakidosi." By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where it continues a weed in gardens in our Middle States, as yet rare (Dark). 



Salvia calycina of the East Mediterranean countries. A species of wild sage called in Greece 

 "agria alisphakia" (Fraas), and the SILVESTRIVS kind of ELELISPHACOS mentioned by 

 Pliny xxii. 71 — may be compared: S. calycina is termed " s. orientalis frutescens foliis circinatis 

 acetabulis moluccae " by Tournefort cor. 10 ; and was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, 

 frequent in Attica and the Peloponnesus. 



Stachys arvensis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy "stache" (Sod., 

 and Targ ), and possibly included in the S T A C H Y S of Pliny xxiv. 86 : — S. arvensis is termed " mar- 

 rubiastrum vulgare" by Tournefort inst. 190 ; is known to occur in cultivated ground from Denmark 

 to the Mediterranean (fl. dan. pi. 587, Curt. lond. iv. pi. 41, Villars delph., and Pers.); was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Caria. By European colonists, has been carried 

 to Northeast America, found in "waste places E. Massachusetts, scarce" (A. Gray). 



Scutellaria hirta of the mountains of Crete. The scordotin ALTERIVS-GENERIS of Pliny 

 xxv. 27 — is referred here by Honorius Bellus (Pona bald. pi. 93, and Sibth.) : S. hirta is termed 

 " cassida cretica minor catariae folio flore subcaeruleo " by Tournefort cor. 11 ; and was observed in 

 shady places on the mountains of Crete by Sibthorp. 



Teller////): spiiiosum of the West Mediterranean countries. The CVNILAGO-MOLLIS having 

 according to Pliny xx. 64 more hairy leaves and pricking branches, and emitting if bruised the odour 

 of honey, — is referred here by Cornuti pi. 124 : T. spinosum is mentioned by him in 1634 as recently 

 brought from Spain, and is termed " scordium spinosum odoratum ; " is termed by Tournefort inst. 

 205 " chamaedrys multifida spinosa odorata ; " and is known to grow on hills as well as in cultivated 

 ground in Portugal and Spain (Barr. rar. pi. 202, Cav., and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by 

 Sibthorp in cultivated ground around Smyrna. 



Euphrasia odontitis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain eve'r/ght 

 cow-wheat (Prior), in Germany " zahntrost " (Grieb) : the ODONTITIS growing according to Pliny 

 xxvii. 84 in meads C AVLI CVLIS DENSIS AB EADEM R A D I C E, and having a diminutive 

 purple flower, — is referred here by writers: E. odontitis is described by Gerarde p. 91 ; is termed 

 " pedicularis serotina purpurascente flore " by Tournefort inst. 172 ; and is known to grow in Northern 

 Italy and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 625, Huds., Curt. lond. i. pi. 44, 

 Pers., and Lenz). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and Gittard, in the Peloponnesus and around 

 Constantinople. 



Scrophularia ca/iina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The C A N A R I AM eaten by 

 dogs according to Pliny xxv. 51, — may be compared : S. canina is termed "s. ruta canina dicta vul- 

 garis " by Tournefort inst. 167 ; and is known to grow in Switzerland, Germany, and France (Schleich., 

 Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent from the 

 Peloponnesus to Crete, and Cjprus. and called "skropithohorton." 



Armeria vulgaris of Norlhern climates. Called in Britain thrift or sea-gilliflower (Prior), in 

 Sweden " strandblbmster " (Linn.), in Greece "holavrohorton '' (Sibth.) ; and the STATICE-SEP 

 TEM CAVLIBVSof Pliny xxvi. 33, — " statika kolluria " of Aetius, and "statike poa" of euporist. 

 i. 1 16 and ii. 82, are referred here by Sprengel : A. vulgaris is mentioned by Anguillara 247 (Spreng.) ; 

 is termed "gramen polyanthemum majus " by Dodoens pempt. 564, "armeriu.s montanus tenuifolius 

 major " by Clusius hist. i. 287, and is known to grow on the seashore and in exposed situations on 

 mountains from the Arctic Ocean throughout Europe and Northern Asia (C. Bauh. pin. 211, Tourn 

 inst. 341, engl. bot. pi. 226, and Hook.) : observed by Linnaeus on the seashore of Sweden ; by Bro- 

 tero, in Portugal, both on the seashore and on mountains ; by Decandolle, on the mountains of Switz- 

 erland ; by Sibthorp, on the mountains of the Peloponnesus ; by Pallas, at 67 on the Oby. West- 

 ward, by Sabine in Greenland ; by Colmaster, in Labrador (herb. Collins) ; is known to grow alone the 

 Arctic American seashore (Hook.), and as far as Alaska (Wats.). Is besides cultivated for ornament 

 in gardens, both in Europe (Linn. fl. suec.) and the United States. 



Salicornia hcrbacea of the seashore of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and Interior salines 

 throughout Northern America and Asia. Called in Greece "krithmos" (Sibth.), and the CRETHMOS- 



