OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 51 I 



A G R I S of Pliny xxv. 96 and xxvi. 61, applied externally in affections of the eyes and having other 

 medicinal properties, — may be compared: S. herbacea is termed "s. geniculata annua" by Tourne- 

 fort cor. 51 ; is known to grow along the seashore from Sweden to the Mediterranean (fl. Dan. pi. 303, 

 Engl. bot. pi. 415, and Wats.) ; was observed by Brotero in Portugal; by Desfontaines, in Barbary ; 

 by Sibthorp, frequent on the seashore of Crete and other Greek islands ; and by Delile, on the Medi- 

 terranean shore of Egypt. Farther East, was observed by Bieberstein in salines along Taurus ; by 

 Pallas, on the shores of the Caspian ; and by Gmelin, around salt lakes throughout Siberia. West- 

 ward from Europe, was observed by Lapylaie in Newfoundland ; and is known to grow on our Atlantic 

 seashore as far as Florida (Ell., Nutt, Chapm., and myself) ; as well as around Interior salines, at 

 Onondaga towards Lake Ontario, and in Lat. 49° on Red river of Lake Winnipeg (Long's exp., Schw., 

 and Nutt.). The plant according to Prior is called in Britain glasswort " from furnishing the kali for 

 glass-making " called according to Guibourt " soda of Narbonne," and containing fourteen or fifteen 

 per cent of the carbonate of soda (Lindl.). 



Kochia scoparia of Central and Eastern Asia. Called in the gardens of Europe " belvedere " 

 (Forsk.), by the Greeks "axuris " (Anguill.) : the SCOPIA- REGIAof Pliny xxi. 15 and xxv. 19 hav- 

 ing strong-scented leaves, — is referred here by Sprengel : K. scoparia is described by Anguillara 

 p. 290, and Dodoens pempt. pi. 101 ; is termed " ch. lini folio villoso " by Tournefort inst. 506; is 

 known to occur in Carniolia (Pers.), and around Constantinople (Sibth.), was observed in gardens there 

 by Forskal ; and by Bieberstein, in the Tauro-Caucasian countries. Farther East, is known to grow 

 in Songarian Tartary (Sievers, and Pall.) ; and in China (Pers.) ; was observed by Kaempfer, and 

 Thunberg, in Japan, employed medicinally and called " tsisu " or usually "fawa kingi " or " niwa gusa " 

 or "fooki gusa." 



Atriplex hastata of maritime and subsaline situations in Northern climates. The ALIMON- 

 SILVESTRI of Pliny xxii. 33 having T E N V I R A thinner leaves and more powerful medicinal prop- 

 erties, — may be compared: A. hastata is described by Morison v. pi 32; was observed by Delile on 

 the Mediterr.inean shore of Egypt near Damietta ; by Sibthorp, on the shore of the Greek islands ; by 

 Gmelin, and Pallas, from the Caspian to the salt lakes of the Yenisei ; and is known to grow from the 

 Mediterranean along the Atlantic as far as Britain and Iceland (Sm. in Engl, bot., Pers., Hook., Dec, 

 and Wats.). Farther West, is known to grow along the Atlantic shore of North America from at least 

 44° to 34 , extending inland sometimes to situations hardly saline (Walt., Pursh, A. Gray, and myself). 

 "A. rosea," termed "a. sylvestris fructu roseo compresso " by C. Bauhin pin. 119, and known to grow 

 in Southern" Europe (Pers ), was observed by Bory frequent in the Peloponnesus. 



Amaranthus tricolor of Tropical Eastern Asia. Called in Britain florimer or _floramor, in 

 France "fleur d'amour" (Prior): the GROMPHAENA having leaves according to Pliny xxvi. 23 

 ALTERNIS-VIRIDIBVS-ROSEISQVE, and used against spitting blood, — may be compared : 

 the "gelisia" of Hildegarde ii. 153 is referred here by Sprengel : A. tricolor is described by Lobel 

 pi. ; was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; and the " bustan abruz " of Elmadshusi, 

 and Soliman Ben Hassan, identified by Ebn Baitar with the " dadschdsch elemir " of the Persians, is 

 also referred here by Sontheimer. Eastward, A. tricolor was observed by Graham "in gardens " at 

 Bombay; by Roxburgh iii. 60S, in Bengal; by Thunberg, in Japan: by myself, on the Feejee 

 Islands, aboriginally introduced. " A. melancholicus," received by Linnaeus from " India orientili " 

 (Willd.pl. 9. f. 18, and Pers.), and cultivated in the gardens of Europe (Moench) and Northeast 

 America (A. Gray), is regarded as a variety only (A. Dec). 



Polygonum bistorta of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain bistort 

 (Prior) ; and the DRACVNCVLVS having according to Pliny xxiv. 91 a root after the manner of a 

 convoluted dragon, — may be compared: the "serpentaria viperina" of Apuleius Barbarus 5, is 

 referred here conjecturally by Fraas : P. bistorta is described by Brunfels, Gesner hort. germ. 265, 

 and Matthioli (Spreng.) ; is termed " twice- writhen " by Turner, '• bistqrta major " by Tournefort 

 inst. 511 ; is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Denmark (fi. Dan. pi. 

 421, and Curt. lond. i. pi. 22). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp on the Bithynian Olympus and 

 in the Peloponnesus ; " bistorta " root is enumerated by Forskal as used medicinally in Egypt ; and 

 the living plant according to Clot-Bey has been recently introduced there. According to Lindley, the 

 plant is " a powerful astringent." 



Rumex (Acetosa) tuberosus of the East Mediterranean countries. A species of sorrel called in 

 Greece "xinitra" (Sibth.) ; andtheALIVD'HIPPOLAPATHVMof Pliny xx. 85, larger than the 

 S A T I V O kind CANDIDIVSQVE'AC-SPISSIVSand having R A D I C E S, — may be compared : R. 

 tuberosus is described by Dodoens 649 ; is termed " acetosatuberosaradice " by Tournebrt inst. 503; 

 is known to grow in Italy (Pers., and Pollini) ; and was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the 

 Peloponnesus to Cyprus and Asia Minor. 



Urtica dioica of Northern Asia or America. Called in Britain nettle, in Anglo-Saxon and Dutch 

 "netel,"in Denmark "naelde,"in Sweden "naetla," in Germany " nessel," from supplying "the 



