OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 517 



Europe as far as Britain (All. ped. 673, Lam. fl. fr., Engl. bot. pi. 980, and Pers.). Chamomile flow- 

 ers according to Lindley " contain a volatile oil, resin, and bitter extractive," and are stimulant and 

 tonic. 



"82 A. D." (Sueton., Plut., and Clint.), at Rome, the capital which had been destroyed by fire, 

 restored with increased splendour by Domitian. 



" In the reign of Domitian " (Sm. b. d.), Plutarch lecturing on philosophy in Rome. 



Lnnaria rediviva of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain satin-flower or honesty 

 (Prior): the CCAHNH plant with which shepherds in the days of Plutarch inach. anointed their 

 feet for protection against reptiles, — may be compared : L. rediviva is termed "1. graeca perennis " 

 by Besler hort. Eyst. pi. 21, and was observed in the Peloponnesus by Sibthorp, and Chaubard. 

 Westward, is described by Clusius hist. pi. 297 ; is termed " 1. major siliqua longiore " by Tournefort 

 inst. 218 ; is known to grow as far as the border of Germany, central France, and the Pyrenees 

 (Pers., and A. Dec), and is besides cultivated throughout Europe. By European colonists, was car- 

 ried prior to 1670 (Jossel.) to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation in gardens 

 (A. Gray). 



"83 A. D." (Sueton., and Clint.), Domitian's expedition into Germany and Dacia, against the 

 Catti and Sarmati. 



"The same year" (Tacit., and Clint.), Sixth campaign of Agricola in Britain; among the towns 

 beyond " Bodotria " with an accompanying fleet examining the harbors ; and a victory gained by him 

 over the Caledonians. 



"The same year" (Philostrat., Euseb., and Clint.), three delinquent Vestal virgins put to death. 

 The making of eunuchs, also prohibited by Domitian. 



"The same year" (Mason iii. 41), Adetya succeeded by Nagarisingna as king at Prome. 

 Nagarisingna was the first conqueror; he carried on wars; and in his reign " Burmah " is first 

 mentioned. 



The first balhara or king of Guzerat may have been at this time reigning: — he is called Di- 

 Saca or Deva-Saca in the Vansavali, and Dabshelim by the Muslims. His capital on the Narmada 

 is called Minnagara in the Erythraean periplus as well as by Ptolemy, Mankir by Masudi, and at the 

 present day Manhawer. 



By his direction, Pilpai his prime minister wrote the Javidan-khird or the " will of Hushenk : " a 

 work — that continues extant in Persian (Wilf. I. c). 



" 86 A. D. " (Euseb., and Clint.), beginning of the Dacian war. — In the course of four years, 

 the Romans were worsted ; Domitian at length consenting to pay an annual tribute to the Dacian 

 king Decebalus (Sm. b. d.). 



Hardly later than this year ("80 to 89 A. D., " C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), the Erythraean 

 periplus written. Axum and its king Zoskales are mentioned ; also a Hindu king Pandion. 



The TT6TPOC of the Erythraean periplus, regarded by writers as the nut of Are:a catechu, 

 implies the use ot betel : a Malayan invention, — to the present day chiefly confined to men of the 

 Malayan Race, well known however throughout Hindustan even among Muslims, but farther West 

 making no progress among the Arabs and African tribes. 



"87 A. D." (Alst. p. 142), the evangelist John writing his Third epistle ; as shown by his naming 

 Diotrephes. 



" 89 A. D. = 'young-youan,' 1st year of Hiao-ho-ti " or Ho-ti, of the Han or Seventh dynasty 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



" In this year " (Abyss, chron., and C Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Hakale succeeded by Za- 

 Demahe", now king of Abyssinia. — He reigned " ten " years. 



"90 A. D." (Gell., Euseb., and Clint), the mathematicians and philosophers, including Dion 

 Chrysostomus, expelled from Rome and Italy by Domitian. The exiles assisted by Plinius Secundus 

 iii. n, in this year praetor. 



"91 A. D." (Plin. Secund. iv. 11, Sueton., Euseb., and Clint.), the principal Vestal virgin Corne- 

 lia after having once received pardon, found delinquent a second time, and now buried alive. 



"92, Nov. 29th, five hours before midnight" (Blair), occultation of the Pleiades by the moon, 

 observed in Bithynia by Agrippa. 



Clematis erecta of the Mediterranean countries. The A6YKOY: XeAlAONIOlO: TTeTHAA 

 of Pancrates, — and Athenaeus xv. 6. p. 469, may be compared: C. erecta is identified with the 

 "fiammula" of Platearius by Matthioli coram, iv. pi. 7, observed in Italy; is termed "c. sive flam- 

 mula surrecta alba " by Tournefort inst. 294 ; is known to grow from Spain to Austria (All. 1078, 

 Jacq. austr. pi. 291, Mill., and Pers.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Pelopon- 

 nesus to mount Haemus : and its "powdered leaves '' according to Lindley have been "used as an 

 escharotic " (see C. flammea). 



"93 A. D." (Euseb., and Clint.), edict of Domitian prohibiting the planting of grape-vines in 



