524 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"conda cashinda'' (LindL), in Tamil "raoolacarnay-marum,'' in Malabar " kaka-toddali " (Drur.), 

 pungent in all its parts and from early times employed as febrifugal : — observed by Rheede v. pi. 

 41 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in " S. Concan " (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by Roxburgh, 



kunga," in Telinga " doodee-palla " (Lindl.), at Mahableshwur " dooree " (Graham) ; and from early 

 times employed medicinally by the natives, and the brown mealy substance on the follicles given by 

 cow-keepers as medicine to their cattle: — observed by Rheede ix. pi. 15 in Malabar; by Graham, 

 "common" around Bombay and on "the Ghauts, on the table land Mahableshwur" and its flexile 

 stems " used as ropes ; " by Rumphius, Ainslie, Roxburgh, Sonnerat, and Wight, from the Neilgherry 

 hills to Coromandel and Sylhet (Lindl., and Drur.). 



Secamone emetica of Southern Hindustan. An Asclepioid plant, its acrid and emetic root known 

 from early times: — observed by Retz obs. ii. 14, and Wight, common in thickets at the foot of 

 mountains in the Southern part of the peninsula (Lindl.). 



Tylophora asthmatica of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A twining Asclepioid plant called 

 in Bengalee "unta-mool," in Telinga "kaka-palla" (Lindl.), in Tamil " codegam " or "coorinja" 

 (Drur.) ; and from early times its root employed as an emetic : — observed by Roxburgh, J. Ander- 

 son, Wight, and Drury, from Mysore to Coromandel and Bengal, " very abundant," to " be met with 

 in nearly all situations and in flower at all seasons ; " is known to grow on Ceylon (Pers.) ; and was 

 observed by Mason indigenous in Burmah. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius 

 Islands, and cultivated there (Pers., and Boj.). 



Convolvulus (Argyreia) bracteatus of Southern Hindustan. A branching woody twiner, filled 

 with milky juice ; and from early times, its boiled leaves applied to scrofulous enlargements of the 

 joints, using the water as fomentations : — observed by Wallich cat. 1419, and Wight, common "near 

 Madras" (Lindl.), and known to grow as far as Coromandel (Drur.). 



Anisomeles Malabarica of Tropical Hindustan. A Labiate shrub, two to five feet high with 

 white woolly branches, and called in Tamil " retti pemeretti " (Lindl.) or " peyameratti," in Telinga 

 " moga-bira,' ; in Malabar "karintoomba" (Drur.); from early times, employed medicinally: — ob- 

 served by Rheede x. pi. 93 in Malabar; by Graham, on "the Katruj and Kamatkee ghauts," and by 

 Law " at Nalutwar ; " by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the peninsula as far as 

 Travancore (Drur.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. By European colonists, was carried to the 

 Mauritius Islands (Drur.). 



Aristolochia bracteata of Hindustan. Trailing, and called in Telinga " gardi gavapoo " (Lindl.) 

 or " gadida-guda-pa," in Tamil " addatinapalay " (Drur.), on the Deccan " gundatee " or " keeramar " 

 worm-killer (Graham), its juice from early times squeezed into wounds to kill worms, all parts of the 

 bitter and nauseous plant used also medicinally: — observed by Buchanan on the banks of the Jumna 

 in Northern Hindustan (Wall. rar. ii. 3); by Newton, its dried root used in Scinde "to increase uter- 

 ine contractions ; " by Gibson, and Graham, growing abundantly in " dark red or black soil " on the 

 Deccan; by Retz obs. v. 29, Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Drury, in cultivated ground on the Coromandel 

 coast and as far as Travancore, its fresh bruised leaves applied in " that kind of psora called in Tamil 

 carpang." 



Ficus damonum of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. Its fruit on the trunk and branches, but 

 usually in long radical racemes at the apex penetrating the earth, or often entirely under ground 

 (Lindl.); from early times, the juice known as extremely poisonous: — growing on the seacoast 

 of Tanjore (Vahl., and Roxb.). Farther East, observed by Mason in Burmah, called there "yae- 

 kha-ung." 



Arum (Typlionium) trilobatum of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. Stem- 

 less, and called in Telinga " surei-kund," in Bengalee " ghekool " (Lindl.) ; and from early times, its 



fresh tubers employed medicinally in scirrhous tumours and the bites of venomous snakes : observed 



by Nimmo in "the Concans " as far as Bombay (Graham) ; by Roxburgh fl. iii. 505, in other parts of 

 Hindustan ; and is known to grow on Ceylon (Pers.). Farther East, was observed by Loureiro ii. 

 534 in Anam ; by Blume rum ph. i. 132, as far as Java; and is termed " arisarum amboinicum" 

 by Rumphius v. pi. no. " T ( irixense," termed in Bengalee " ghet-kuchoo " (Drur.), and observed 

 by Roxburgh iii. 503, and Wight pi. 801, in the peninsula and Bengal, by Mason in Burmah, may be 

 compared. 



Gracihiria lichenoides of the coast of Ceylon and the opposing portion of the Malayan archi- 

 pelago. A fucus or seaweed, in colour between olive and purple (Mason), and from early times 

 highly valued for food on Ceylon and other islands of the East — (Lindl.) : by O'Shaughnessy first 

 brought into notice : observed by Mason v. 507 in Burmah, abounding and of superior quality on 

 the Tenasserim coast, and called " kyouk-pwen." From transported specimens, described by Turner 

 pi. H3- 



