OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 525 



and Wight, very common on the Coromandel coast, used for various medicinal purposes and its 

 ripe berries making excellent pickles (Drur.) ; by Burmann pi. 24, on Ceylon. Imported into 

 Europe, under the name of Lopez root, attained formerly some celebrity ; and according to Bidie, 

 is remarkable for a happy combination of three qualities, being stimulant, carminative, and tonic. 



" In this year'' (Dio, and Clint.), voyage of Trajan from Ctesiphon down the Euphrates to the 

 Persian Gulf. 



Before the close of the reign of Trajan (Suid., Ermerins, and Sor. Eph. 38), Soranus Ephesius 

 leaving Alexandria and arriving in Rome, where he practised medicine. He quotes Archigenes, 

 Moschion, and Rufus, and' — with his pupil Attalus is mentioned by Galen. Some of the writings of 

 Soranus Ephesius were translated into Latin by Caelius Aurelianus. 



Ruta linifolia of the Mediterranean countries. A species of rue called in Greece " pSgani " 

 (Sibth.) ; and theIIHrANON:AeiON prescribed as an application by Soranus Ephesius mul. aff., 

 48 — may be compared : R. linifolia was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, from Greece to Cyprus 

 and Constantinople. Westward, is described by Barrelier pi. 1186; is termed " r. sylvestris linifolia 

 hispanica " by Tournefort inst. 257 ; and is known to grow in waste places from Tunis to Spain, the 

 leaves smooth (Pers.). 



Erigeron acre of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain blue flea-bane 

 (Prior); and the KONYZA: A€nTO*rAAOC prescribed as an application by Soranus Ephesius 

 m. a 48, — may be compared : E. acre was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos and the Bithynian 

 Olympus. Westward, is termed "aster arvensis casruleus acris " by Tournefort inst. 481; was 

 observed by Linnaeus in Lapland ; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe (Curt. lond. i. pi. 

 60, and Pers.). 



Asparagus verlicillatus of the East Mediterranean countries. The ACIIAPArON:ArPION 

 enumerated among potherbs by Soranus Ephesius mul. aff. 15 — may be compared : A. verticillatus 

 is termed " a. orientalis foliis galii " by Tournefort cor. 21 ; was also observed in the East by Bux- 

 baum v. pi. 37 ; by Sibthorp, from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna ; and young shoots of all the species 

 were found by Chaubard eaten in the Peloponnesus. (Compare also A. officinalis of the West). 



"117, August" (Dio, and Clint.), Trajan succeeded by Hadrian, fourteenth Roman emperor. 

 The hieroglyphic ovals of Hadrian occur at the " Oasis of Khargeh, on a ruin near Esneh, at 

 Ermend" or Hermonthis, "on the little temple of Isis above Medinet-abu, on the Typhonium at 

 Dendera, and on an obelisk" (now in Rome, Glid. analect). 



All pretension to territory beyond the Euphrates and Tigris, at once relinquished by Hadrian. 

 Who in private life was fond of the society of "philosophers, grammarians, rhetors, musicians, paint- 

 ers, geometers, and astronomers " (Spartian. 5 to 16, and Eutrop. viii. 6). 



"118 A. D." (Spartian., and Clint.), in consequence of difficulties with the Sarmatas and Roxo- 

 lani, Hadrian visiting Moesia ; where peace was concluded with the king of the Roxolani. 



" 120 A. D." (Spartian. 10, and Clint.), visit of Hadrian to Gaul, and afterwards to Germany, 

 and Britain. Across this island he built a wall, "separating the Romans from the barbarians : " — 

 the remains traceable to the present day "from Carlisle to Newcastle" (Blair). 



" In this year" (Perceval i. 85), bursting of a reservoir at Mareb near San'aa, causing destruc- 

 tion among the descendants of Saba : — an event alluded to in the Surat-Saba chapter of the Koran, 

 and giving rise to an Arab proverb. 



" In or about this year " (Percev. ii. 411), birth of Temin, founder of " one of the most consid- 

 erable tribes of Arabia." 



" 122 A. D." (Euseb., Spartian. 10, and Clint.), after spending a winter at Tarracon in Spain, 

 Hadrian by the way of Asia visiting Athens. — He next sailed for Sicily, and ascended mount Etna. 



" 123 A. D." (Yuan kian loui han, and Klapr. mem. ii. 343), Pan young sent Westward estab- 

 lished the military post of Lieou tchhin in Lat. 42" 45' Long. 25° 18' (W. of Peking), attacked and 

 defeated the Kiu szu or Ouigour, and took possession of their country. —Under the Thang, peace 

 having been concluded with the Ouigour, a city of the third order was built here, called at present 



Louktchak. 



" 124 A. D. = 3d year of the 'yen-kouang' of Ngan-ti " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the 



Forty-seventh cycle. 



"125 A. D." (Euseb., Hieronym., and Clint.), at Athens, Hadrian addressed on behalf of the 

 Christians by the philosopher Aristides, and Ouadratus a disciple of the apostles : and a decree 

 obtained, That no one should be put to death without trial in due form. 



About this time, "no to 134 A. D." (Clint, iv. p. 123), the Gnostic Sect founded by Saturnmus. 

 Who continued preaching in Antioch and Syria, while his colleague Basilides proceeded to Alex- 

 i n c\ n i 



"126 A. D. = 'young-kien,' 1st year of Hiao-chun-ti " or Chun-ti, of the Han or Seventh 

 dynasty— (Chinese chron. table). 



