530- CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Greece nor on Caucasus (Bieb., C. A. Mey., Ledeb., and A. Dec), but D. rotundifolia is known 

 to grow on Lebanon (Schlecht ), on the Altaian mountains and throughout Siberia (Gmel., and 

 Ledeb.). Farther East, is known to grow on Unalascha and at Norfolk Sound on the Pacific coast 

 of America (Cham., and Mert.), also on the Rocky mountains in Lat. 54° (Drumm.) and from the 

 Arctic Circle to Newfoundland (Hook.), Kentucky (Short), and throughout our Atlantic States to 

 Lat. 31 in Florida (Baldw., and Chapm). 



Thlaspi saxatile of the East Mediterranean countries. The -e-AACTThKPHTIKON of Galen 



— is identified by Caesalpinus viii. 77 with a species growing in scraggy places on mount St Julian, 

 and having " subrubentes " flowers : T. saxatile is termed " t. parvum saxatile flore rubente " by 

 Tournefort inst. 212 ; was observed by Siblhorp, and Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus and on mount 

 Hymettus ; and is known to grow as far as middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 236, and Pers.). 



Ligusticum levisticam of the Appenines. Called in Britain lovage, by Galfridus pr. pm. "love- 

 ache," in Germany ''liebstockel," in France " levesche " (Prior), in Italy "ligustico" or "levistico" 

 (Lenz), in which we recognize theAlBYCTIKON of Galen top. vii. 6, — "levisticum " of the capi- 

 tularia of Charlemagne, and "lybisiicum " hurtful to the eyes according to Walafridus Strabus: L. 

 levisticum is described by Brunfels, Tragus, and Morison ix. pi. 3 ; is known to grow on the Appen- 

 ines (Pers., and Lenz), and is well known in gardens throughout Europe. Eastward, seems known 

 in Greece, being translated "ligustikon" in Koromelas lex. . farther South, the " kaschim rumi " of 

 Tiaduk, Ebn Masawia, Eljuz, I. E. Amran, Ebn Masah, and Rhazes, identified by Ebn Baitar with 

 the "ligustikon," is referred here by Sontheimer ; and L. levisticum was observed by Pococke in 

 Palestine. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under 

 cultivation in gardens. (See L. nodiflorum). 



Caitaurca (Rhuponticum) rhapont.ca of Switzerland. The P HOY of Galen fac. simpl. viii. 106, 



— is referred here by Dodoens p. 389: C. rhapontica is described by Manardus v. 5, Lobel pi. 288, 

 Pona p. 65, and Bellardi ; and is known to grow on the Alps (Pers., and Spreng.). 



Ceiitaurc.i armoracifolia of the Mediterranean countries. The KPOKOAelAlAAOC:THC: 

 MeriCTHC growing near water, and its root presc'ribed by Galen comp. med. ii. 2 against head- 

 ache, — may be compared : C. armoracifolia was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on the moun- 

 tains of the Peloponnesus. Westward, is described by Clusius hist. ii. pi. 11 ; is termed "centaurium. 

 majus folio non dissecto " by Tournefort inst. 449 ; and " C. Tagana " found by Brotero pi. 3 in 

 Portugal (i'ers.) is regarded by Bory as not distinct. 



Slachys palustris of Northern climates. Termed by Gerarde p. S52 clonviCs allheal or clown's 

 woundwort from being successfully employed by a rustic to heal a wound (Prior) : the C T A X Y C : 

 C KY-S-I KOY of Galen ther. 19 — may be compared : S. palustris was observed by Sibthorp in moist 

 shady places around Smyrna and Constantinople ; is known to grow also around Caucasus and in 

 Northern China (Bieb., and Benth.). Westward, is termed "galeopsis palustris betonicse folio flore 

 variegato " by Tournefort inst. 1S5 ; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe 

 as far as Petersburg and Sweden (Fries, and Benth.), occurring sometimes in cultivated ground 

 (Pers.). Farther West, was observed by Drummond throughout Canada, and by Douglas alone 

 the Columbia river. "S. aspera" regarded by A. Gray as identical, was observed by Reeves at 

 Tokeen in China (Benth.), by Pitcher in Arkansas, and is known to grow from Canada to the Yadkin 

 river and South Carolina (Frazer, Schweinitz, Muhl , Benth., and myself). 



Solatium coagulans of Nubia and Tropical Arabia. Called in Yemen "beikaman" (Forsk.), at 

 Syene " kaderanbes " (Del.) ; and the Ay KOTT6PCION fruit received from Egypt by Galen fac. 

 simpl. iv, — may be compared: S. coagulans was observed by Delile on the border of cultivated 

 ground at Elephantine and Syene, its fruit nearly an inch and a half in diameter ; by Forskal. p. 47, 

 frequent in Yemen, and its seeds with the adhering pulp used to coagulate milk. 



" 171 A. D." (Iren., and Clint, iv. p. 177;, Soter succeeded by Eleutherus, "twelfth" bishop of 

 Rome. 



"In this year" (Abyss, chron., and C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Zigen and Rema suc- 

 ceeded by Za-Gafale, now king of Abyssinia. — He reigned " one " year. 



" In this year (or 173 " of Euseb., and Syncell., and in the reign of " Marcus Antoninus," Suid.), 

 Oppianus of Cilicia writing. He mentions Antoninus and his son (Commodus). 



Solarium dulcamara of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain bitter-sweet 

 in medieval Latin "amara-dulcis," in Germany " je lenger je lieber " (Prior) or "bittersuss" (Grieb) : 

 the AeA*INIOY plant used according to Oppianus for stupifying fish — (geopon. xx. 2), "a»rio- 

 meltzana" of Scarlatus, may be compared: S dulcamara was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard and 

 Fraas, from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands and along roadsides near Smyrna; by 

 Forskal, in gardens at Constantinople ; and by Gmelin, throughout Siberia. Westward, is figured 

 in manuscript v of the Anglo-Saxon herb. Apul. 76 (Harl , and Cockayne), and under the name of 

 "cardamomum " in Ortus Sanitatis pi. 92 ; is described by Tragus.pl. . . , Turner iii. 2, Matthioli and 



