OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. caz 



" 302 A. D." (Hieronym., and Clint.), at Rome, triumphal procession of Diocletian and Maximian ■ 

 their car preceded by statues of the wife and sisters of Narses. 



"The same year" (Hieronym., and Clint.), Cyrillus succeeded by Tyrannus, "nineteenth" bishop 

 of Antioch. 



" In this year " (Max Mull. p. xi), death of Mahasena king of Ceylon. The last reign mentioned 

 in the Dipavansa, a historical work manuscripts of which are said to be extant. 



Azadirachta Indica of Tropical Hindustan. A large tree called in Tamil "vaypum," in Telin^a 

 " vepa," in Malabar " aria-bepou," in Bengalee and Hindustanee " nim " (Drur.), in the environs of 

 Bombay "neem" (Graham) ; and the "nimba" fruit of a Hindu proverb — quoted in the Ramayana 

 ii. 29, and of Harivansa 96, is referred here by Carey and Marshman : the " malaka " or " pichumanda " 

 of Susrutas . . . , is referred here by Hessler: A. Indica was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 52 in Mala- 

 bar; by Burmannpl. 15, on Ceylon; by Graham, "common about villages " in the environs of Bombay ; 

 by myself, around villages on the Deccan ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as far as Bengal, its bit- 

 ter bark used as a febrifuge, and with the leaves seeds and oil for various medicinal purposes, and its 

 beautifully mottled mahogany-like wood used for ship-building and made into chests that will exclude 

 insects ; was observed by Mason v. 493 " exotic " in Burmah, cultivated by the natives "for its medic- 

 inal properties for which it is famous all over India." Westward, the "azadiracht" of E. Masah, 

 Maserjawia, Rhazes, Ebn Samhun, Avicenna, A. B. A. dialed, Madschul, Ebn Baitar, mentioned as 

 an Indian tree by Caboudi, and Ebn Joljol, is referred here by writers. According to A. Richard, 

 this and the olive are the only known instances of the pericarp around the nut yielding oil. 



"303, February ' (Clint.), the celebrated edict of Diocletian against Christians. Supposed to 

 have been in part extorted from him through the intrigues of Galerius. Even in Britain, Alban, 

 Aaron, Julius, and many persons of both sexes, were put to death (Gildas hist. 10). 



In this year (= 276 -f- " 27 yrs. reign" in the Mahavamsa xxxvii), Mahasana succeeded by his 

 son Kiertissry-magawarna, now king of Ceylon. 



Hardly later than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.), Tapaswi reigning in 

 Hindustan. 



"304 A. D. = 1st year of the 'young-hing' of Hiao-hoei-ti " (Chinese chron. table), beginning 

 of the Fiftieth cycle. 



" In the reign of Hiao-hoei-ti " (Pauth.), the new religious Sect of the Wou-wei-kiao, a stoical 

 offshoot from the doctrines of Lao-tseu. 



"305 A. D." (inscript, and Clint.), at Rome, dedication of the "thermae" or "baths" of Dio- 

 cletian. 



"The same year" (Lactant., Vict., and Clint.), abdication of Diocletian : who retired to Salone 

 or Spalatro in Dalmatia, where ruins of his palace or castle are extant. He was succeeded by Con- 

 stantius, forty-second Roman emperor. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), by a synod at Cirtes in Numidia, "the bishops who during the 

 persecution had read the Scriptures to the Pagans" absolved. 



Cocculus bakis of Senegambia. Twining; and from early times, its root used in decoction by the 

 Negroes in intermittents, and to stop urethral discharges : — observed by Perrotet fl. i. pi. 4 in hedges 

 and on the sides of woods in Senegal. The root according to Lindley diuretic and very bitter. 



Swietenia (Khaya) Senegalensis of Senegambia. A mahogany-like tree eighty to a hundred feet 

 high, called " karson khayi " and its bark "cail-cedra" (Lindl.) ; the latter very bitter, and from early 

 times used in infusion and decoction against fevers by the Blacks : — observed by Leprieur common 

 in the forests along the borders of the Gambia (Forsten p. 12, and Lindl.). 



Heudelotia Africana of Senegambia. A spiny Amyroid bush eight to ten feet high, called 

 "niouttout" (Lindl.), and known from early times: — observed by Adanson, and Perrotet, in the 

 sandy wastes of Interior Senegal, and tears of bdellium collected. These proving hardly bigger than 

 peas, the "African bdellium " of commerce is regarded by Guibourt ii. 498 as possibly the product of 

 a different species (see Balsamodendron Africanum). 



Ocymum viride of Western Equatorial Africa. A Labiate plant from early times employed as a 

 febrifuge, — as to the present day in Sierra Leone (Lindl.) : received and described by Willdenow. 



" 306, July 24th" (Eumen., and Clint.), after his victory in Caledonia over the Picts, death 

 of Constantius at York in Britain. He was succeeded by Constantine, forty-third Roman emperor. 



" 307 A. D. ='young-kia,' 1st year of Hiao-hoai-ti, of the Tcin " or ninth dynasty (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



" 309 A. D." (Agath., and Clint.), birth and accession of Sapor II., ninth Sasanid king of Persia. 



'■ About this time " (T. Wright mediasv. engl. vii), by a few missionaries, Christianity introduced 

 among the Teutonic tribes on the Rhine. 



"311, April 30th" (Lactant., and Clint.), in Nicomedia, an edict issued by Galerius to stay the 

 persecution against Christians. Dying soon afterwards, Asia was seized by Maximinus, who with- 

 drew the protection granted to Christians. 69 



