OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 549 



"In or about this year" (Philostorg. iii., and Percev. i. m), the Indian bishop The'ophilus sent 

 by Constans to Marthad, tobba of Yemen^ with the request that churches might be erected for 

 the Christian traders. Leave being granted, a church was built at Zhafar, the seat of government: 

 another at Aden, and a third in the principal seaport city on the Persian Gulf. Circumcision at this 

 time generally practised among the Arabs — according* to Philostorgius. 



"The same year= ' kien-youan,' 1st year of Kang-ti, of the Tcin " or Ninth dynasty — (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



"344 A. D." (in the opinion of Ideler, see Leps.), the Jewish reckoning in years of the World 

 established by rabbi Hillel Hanassi. Whose computation (according to Alsted) was reduced from a 

 more ancient one of R. Adae. — The reckoning continues to be followed by the Jews to the present 

 day (see Menes). 



"345 A. D. = ' young-ho,' 1st year of Mou-ti, of the Tcin " or Ninth dynasty — (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



" April " (chron. Pasch., and Clint.), at Constantinople, building of the " thermae " or " baths " of 

 Constantius II. 



About this time, "343 to 347 A. D." (Clint), the treatise by Firmicus Maternus, addressed to 

 Constans and Constantius II. against the temples. 



" 346, June 6th " (Clint.), eclipse of the sun. Immediately following the Second siege of Nisibis, 

 by the Persians under Sapor II. 



"The same year" (Alst), by a synod at Agrippina (Cologne), the bishop there, Euphrates, con- 

 demned for denying the divinity of Christ. 



"348 A. D." (Clint.), remark of the historian Victor, suggested by the name " Philippus " of one 

 of the consuls, that this was the Eleven hundredth anniversary of the founding of Rome, and that 

 there was no celebration. At Singara, Constantius II. foiled by his troops attacking the Persians in 

 the night. 



"The same year" (Socrat., and Clint.), Maximus deposed by the Arians, and Cyrillus appointed 

 bishop of Jerusalem. 



Damogeron may have been at this time writing. — He is mentioned by Palladius, and Apuleius 

 Barbarus. 



Balsamita vulgaris of the West Mediterranean countries. Called in Egypt "belsamae" or 

 " melsane," at Constantinople "kosta" (Forsk.), in which we recognize the garden KOCTOU of 

 Damogeron — (geopon. vii. 13, and xi. 27) and the "ahlal kostha " of Gafeki, and Ebn Baiter- B. 

 vulgaris was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople, its leaves strewn on lettuce for 

 ornament; by him, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt. Westward, the cultivation of " costum " is 

 enjoined in the capitularia of Charlemagne : B. vulgaris is termed " tanacetum balsamita " by Linnaeus ; 

 and is known to grow in Italy, Switzerland, and Southern France to the base of the Pyrenees (Pers.). 



"349, about January" (Athanas., and Clint.), by the Alexandrians, Gregorius the Arian bishop 

 slain. And after some months, Athanasius sent back to Alexandria by Constantius II. 



"350 A. D." (Idat, and Clint.), at Helena in the Pyrenees, death of Constans. Constantius II. 

 now sole emperor. 



"351 A. D." (Jul. ep. 51, and Clint.), secret determination of Julian at the age of "twenty," to 

 abandon the Christian faith in which he had been brought up. 



" In this year" (Socrat., Clint., and Nicol.), a synod assembled at Sirmich by Constantius II., 

 and Photinus bishop of the city condemned for denying the Trinity. He was answered by Basilius 

 of Ancyra. 



"352 A. D." (Vict., and Clint.), the Jews revolting; several cities in Judea burned, and the 

 revolt suppressed by Gallus Caesar. 



"353 A. D." (Jul., and Clint), in Gaul, death of Magnentius, defeated for the third time by 

 Constantius II. Coins of Magnentius are extant. 



Ajuga chamcepithys of Caucasus and the Talysch mountains. Called in Britain yellow bugle or 

 ground pine ox field cypress or till the beginning of the present century forget-me-not (Prior); in 

 which we recognize the " chamae cypri " of the Cosmian Antidote — mentioned by Marcellus 29 : 

 A. chamaepthys is described by Tragus f. 30 (Spreng.), Lobel, Dalechamp, and was already in 

 Britain in the days of Lyte, and Gerarde (Prior) ; is termed " c. lutea vulgaris sive folio trifido " by 

 Tournefort inst. 208 ; was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia (Steud.) ; and is known to occur in stony 

 cultivated and fallow ground in Italy, Spain, France, and as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 738, Pers., 

 and A. Dec). Eastward, is known to grow on Caucasus and the Talysch mountains both in culti- 

 vated ground and wild situations (Bieb., and C. A. Mey.) ; .but notwithstanding Sibthorp's statement 

 seems unknown in Greece, as well as in European Turkey, Sicily, and Algeria (Griseb., Reut. and 

 Marg. Guss., Munby, and A. Dec). By European colonists, was carried to Virginia, observed there 

 by Clayton, but has since disappeared (A. Gray. See A. Chia, and Veronica chamaedrys). 



