OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 55 1 



"362 A. D. = 'loung-ho,' 1st year of Ngai-ti, of the Tcin" or Ninth dynasty — (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



The four great festivals of Greece, the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian, and Nemean games, con- 

 tinued to be celebrated. " About midsummer," arrival of Julian at Antioch : where a temple of 

 Apollo was soon afterwards destroyed by fire. 



Aetius recalled, under a general remission of exile to all Sects of Christians. Titus bishop of 

 Bostra, was however banished ; and at Alexandria, Georgius was slain by the populace, and Athana- 

 sius returning was driven back by order of Julian. 



Hardly later than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.), Tapovati reigning in 

 Hindustan. 



"363 A. D." (Ammian., and Clint.), edict of Julian on his way to the Euphrates, providing for 

 rebuilding the temple at Jerusalem. Building operations were soon arrested by the emperor's death ; 

 in battle "June 26th," his physician Oribasius being present (Sm. b. d.). 



Myostirus minimus of Northern climates. A diminutive herb called in Britain mouse-tail 

 (Prior) : the fnUOUPON prescribed against dropsy by Oribasius excerpt. 52 — (Daremb.), may be 

 compared: M. minimus was observed by Sibthorp in cultivated ground around Constantinople. 

 Westward, is described by Lonicer (Spreng.) ; is termed "ranunculus gramineo folio flore caudato 

 seminibus in capitulum spicatum congestis " by Tournefort inst. 293 ; and is known to grow through- 

 out middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 406). Farther West, was observed by Elliott at 

 Augusta in Georgia (Chapm.) ; by Short in Kentucky (there and in Illinois in "alluvial ground" 

 according to A. Gray) ; by Nuttall, "around towns " in Arkansas ; and by myself, frequent and to 

 all appearance indigenous along the shores of Puget Sound. " M. aristatus " has been observed on 

 the high hills of California and Chili, and in New Zealand (J. D. Hook, and A. Dec). 



Lobelia tenella of the East Mediterranean countries. The dTTOION by some called XQm a I- 

 P£*aNON prescribed against dropsy by Oribasius excerpt. 52 — (Daremb.), may be compared : L. 

 tenella is termed "rapuntium creticum minimum bellidis folio flore maculato " by Tournefort inst. 9; 

 and was observed by Sibthorp in " uliginosis " on Crete and Cyprus. Westward, was observed by 

 Bivona as far perhaps as Sieily (Steud. . Compare also Campanula rapunculus). 



Styrax benzoin of the Siamese countries and neighbouring Malayan archipelago. A tree whose 

 imported product is called in commerce benzoin, in Egypt "djaui" (Forsk ) ; and the I N Ah adhesive 

 plaster of Oribasius exc. 143, — maybe compared: benzoin is mentioned by Susrutas sutr. 36 to 

 chik. 15 (according to Hessler); and "in former years" constituted "a considerable article of export" 

 from "the province of Mergui " in Burmah, "produced by a tree" not seen by Mason v. 486 : S. 

 benzoin is described by Houttuyn act. harl. xxi. 257 ; is known to grow in Siam, Sumatra, Java, and 

 Borneo (Dryand. phil. trans, lxxvii. pi. 12, and Hayne). Westward, "benzoae" was found by Fors- 

 kal mat. med. imported from India into Egypt; was an ingredient in the "bachur" ointment of the 

 Muslim population of Portugal and Spain (Jao de Sousa) ; and is mentioned by Amatus Lusitanus : 

 is according to Lindley resinous and acrid, "a local irritant," employed in Europe in certain popular 

 medicines and "in coating over the adhesive plaster called court plaster." According however to 

 Bontius, benzoin of the best quality is procured from an arborescent vine growing on Java. (See 

 Terminalia angustifolia). 



Iris tuberosa of the East Mediterranean countries. The root called in Egypt "chamire" or 

 " surendjan ; " in which we recognize the " surandschan " identified by Serapion, and Mesue, with the 

 EPmoAa KTUAOC of Oribasius, — Alexander Trallianus, Paulus Aegineta, and Nicolaus Myrep- 

 sus: the "surandschan" is also mentioned by Avicenna, and Ebn Baitar; the root, according to 

 Alpinus, and Rouyer drog., is esteemed indispensable and eaten by the women of Egypt ; and accord- 

 ing to Forskal mat. med., is besides made into pills, is brought from "Alexandria and Barbary and 

 exported to Constantinople," but according to Rouyer is imported "from Syria." Farther North, I. 

 tuberosa was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in Southern Greece. Westward, is described by 

 Matthioli p. 778, Dodoens p. 249, and Caesalpinus x. 45 ; is termed " hermodactylus folio quad- 

 rangulo " by Tournefort cor. 50 ; was once cultivated as a medicinal plant throughout Europe as far 

 North as Britain, and in various localities remains growing spontaneously to the present day (Rob., 



Wats., and A. Dec). 



Scolopendrium hemionitis of Western Europe ? The h m I N I T I N called TT P I N 1 T I N pre- 

 scribed in nephritic complaints by Oribasius excerpt. 63 — (Daremb.), may be compared with this 

 fern : S. hemionitis is described by Dodoens p. 467, and Clusius hist. ii. p. 214 (Spreng.) ; is known 

 to grow in various parts of Europe, but has not been observed in Greece. (Compare also Ceterach 



officinarum). . 



Aspidium fontanum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A diminutive fern: the 

 BPUOTTTEPIC prescribed by Oribasius xi — (Dod. pempt. iii. 5. 4), maybe compared: A. fonta- 

 num is termed "filicula saxatilis omnium minima elegantissima" by Tournefort inst. 542; was 



