OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



553 



of Alexandria (not counting the Arian appointments). Petrus was however immediately expelled by 

 the Arian bishop Lucius. Faustinus succeeded as bishop of Iconium by Amphilochius. 



About this time, " 369 to 381 A. D." (Alst. pp. 191 and 324), the scriptures translated into the 

 Gothic language by Ulfilas, an Arian bishop. A portion of this version is extant. 



"374 A. D." (Klapr. note to San kokf), independent of the Chinese characters long known, an 

 alphabet invented by the Coreans : — which continues in use to the present day.* 



"In this year" (Ammian., and Clint.), Illyricum ravaged by the Quadi. Who complained, that 

 Valentinian had built fortresses beyond the Danube upon their territory ; and that their king Gabinius, 

 while modestly expostulating, had been murdered. 



"375 - A -- D." (Hieronym , and Clint.), at Milan on the death of Auxentius, sedition among the' 

 people; Ambrosius ordained bishop, and return of all Italy from Arianism. 



" November " (Idat, and Clint.), death of Valentinian ; his colleague Gratian now becoming forty- 

 eighth Roman emperor. Religious liberty now no longer permitted ; the Christians having gained 

 the ascendancy, beginning to extend persecutions towards the followers of the ancient religion, and 

 certain Sects among themselves. 



About this time, "370 to 380 A. D." (Steinschneid. i. 4), "at Tiberias" in Palestine, the Talmud 

 Yerushlami compiled ; a body of collective Hebrew literature. 



Luffa Arabitm of Equatorial Africa. A Cucurbitaceous vine bearing quadrangular fruit and 

 called in Egypt " luff " (Forsk.) : the t)^b lwph of the Talmud 5.2 — is referred here by Sprengel : — 

 the "luffah" is mentioned by Ebn Baitar : L. Arabum was observed in Egypt by Vesling pi., For- 

 skal, Delile, and Clot-Bey, cultivated for ornament, and the sponge-like interior of its fruit employed in 

 bathing : the towel gourd -was observed by Grant growing "wild over the garden fences, UnyanyemM 

 5 S. to Nile banks 9 North." Eastward, L. Arabum was observed by Rumphius v. pi. 148 on 

 Ceylon (Pers.). Transported to Europe, is termed " momordica luffa " by Linnaeus, " luffa Arabum " 

 by Miller (Steud.). 



"376 A. D." (Ammian., and Clint.), Goths expelled by the Huns, "gens monumentis veteribus 

 leviter nota ultra paludes Maeoticas glacialem Oceanum accolens, a people little known in the records 

 of antiquity, dwelling beyond the Sea of Azof along the Icy Ocean." The expelled Goths were 

 allowed by the Romans to cross the Danube and settle in Thrace. 



"378, August " (Ammian., and Clint.), rebellion among the harboured Goths, caused by famine, 

 and Valens defeated by them and slain. Afterwards, with associated Hunni and Alani, the Goths 

 advanced laying waste the country to the very gates of Constantinople. 



"The same year" (Clint.), end of the chronicle of Hieronymus. On other subjects, he con- 

 tinued writing. 



"Between 378 and 383" (Gildas hist. 12, and Usher), Arianism introduced into Britain by 

 Agricola, a disciple of Arius. 



"379 A. D." (Clint.), the poet Ausonius, prefect of Gaul and now in old age, one of the consuls 

 for this year : which he calls the " eleven hundred and nineteenth " of the city, placing therefore " the 

 foundation at B. C. 740." 



"January" (Idat., and Clint.), by Gratian, Theodosius appointed over the Eastern portion of the 

 Empire. Who in successive battles defeated the Goths and their allies, and expelled them from 

 Thrace. 



" The same year " (Prosp., and Clint.), " Longobardi ab extremis Germaniae finibus Oceanique 

 protinus litore Scandiaque insula," Lombards from the farther frontier of Germany, from the shore of 

 the Ocean and Scandinavia, make their first appearance, seeking new homes : and under " Iborea" 

 (Ivor) and " Aione," conquer the Vandals. 



"The same year" (Agath., and Clint.), death of Sapor II., and accession of his brother Artax- 

 erxes V., now ninth Sasanid king of Persia. 



* Hibiscus mutabilis of Corea. The name of the mountain Fou-young-chan in Corea sometimes 

 written with characters signifying mountain of this shrub — (geogr. chin, transl. Klapr. in San-kokf 

 p. 100) : H. mutabilis is called "fujoo" in Japan (Kaempf., and Thunb.) ; and is figured in Chinese 

 paintings. Farther South, is common in gardens at Manila, and regarded by Blanco as indigenous 

 in the Philippines, though devoid of a native name ; is also described by Rumphius iv. pi. 9. West- 

 ward, enumerated by Mason as " exotic " in Burmah ; observed in Hindustan by Rheede vi. pi. 38, 

 Roxburgh, Royle, Wight, and according to Graham called changeable rose, or by the Portuguese " in- 

 constant 'amante " inconstant lover, " a common shrub in gardens," the flowers "large, white in the 

 mornina changing to red in the course of the day." Eastward from the Philippines, H. mutabilis was 

 observed in the West Indies by Descourtilz, who further states, that it was carried by Bentinck in 

 1690 to England; the shrub however is described by Morison ii. 5. pi. 18. 



