554 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



The Avadana Asoka written hardly later than this date. The end of the Maufya dynasty is 

 mentioned, and it contains legends ? — quoted by Fa-hian (Burn i. 358 to 423). 



"380 A. D." (Marcellin., and Clint.), by Theodosius, the Arians expelled from the Churches, 

 held by them nearly " forty" years. " Nov. 26th," he appointed the younger Gregorius of Nazianzus 

 bishop of Constantinople : and in " December," he restored Cyrillus as bishop of Jerusalem, after 

 having been four times expelled. 



"381 A. D." (Idat., and Clint.), death of Athanaric king of the Goths. 



" May " (Socrat. and Clint ), Second general Council of ecclesiastics. Convened by Theodosius 

 at Constantinople: and consisting of "one hundred and fifty" bishops, including Timotheus of 

 Alexandria, Gregorius of Nyssa (a "married bishop," Alst. p. 368), Amphilochius, Pelagius of Lao- 

 dicea, Diodorus of Tarsus, and Gelasius of Caesarea in Palestine. The doctrine of the Council of 

 Nice was confirmed : and a Creed formed (the so-called " Nicene Creed" of the English Articles, 

 except that " a single expression is omitted, which in the English Liturgy is added ") Maximus the 

 cynic was adjudged not to be a bishop. Patriarchal bishops were instituted, each confined to his own 

 diocese : and after declaring Constantinople next in dignity to the diocese of Rome, " as being New 

 Rome," the younger Gregorius of Nazianzus resigned, and in his place Nectarius of Tarsus was 

 elected '"bishop of Constantinople." — The authority of this Council continues to be recognized by 

 the Greek church (E. A. Soph.). 



Meletius dying while attending the Council was succeeded under the approval of the Asiatic 

 churches by Flavianus, now bishop of Antioch. Flavianus changed the words of the doxology from 

 " thoxa patri thi' uiou en agio pngumati " glory to the father by means of the son in holy spirit, and 

 "thoxa pitri Sn uio kai agi6 pneumiti " glory to the father in the son and holy spirit, to " thoxa patri 

 kai ui6 kai agi6 pneumati " glory to the father and son and holy spirit (Philostorg., and E. A. Soph, 

 lex.). Acting in conjunction with Diodorus, he also -'first introduced the practice of the alternate 

 singing or chanting of the psalms, and the division of the choir into parts" — "which afterwards 

 became universal in the church " (Sm. b. d.). 



" 382 A. D." (Idat., and Clint.), dissatisfied with their treaty of peace with the Romans, the Goths 

 elect Alaric as their king. 



" 383, August " (Marcellin., and Clint.), death of Gratian ; and through the support of Theodosius, 

 Valentinian II. acknowledged forty-ninth Roman emperor. Maximus however maintaining himself 

 in Britain and Gaul. 



"The same year" (Agath., and Clint.), Artaxerxes V. succeeded by Sapor III., tenth Sasanid 

 king of Persia. 



" 384 A. D." (Prosp., and Clint.), Damasus succeeded by Siricius, "thirty-sixth" bishop of 

 Rome. 



In this year (as appears from Libanius), the Destruction of temples not yet commenced. — Soon 

 however, orders from Theodosius were directed against particular temples ; and these were demol- 

 ished by soldiers, aided by bands of fanatics. 



385 A.D. (= "310 an. jav. = 290-)- 20 years " of Nata Kasuma, Raffles ix. and x), at Giling Wesi 

 in Java, Raden Sawela succeeded bv Gutama. Who removed the seat of government to Astina, his 

 successor Dasa Bahu of Hindu descent being " ten years of age." — A temple or mosque at Kediri is 

 called " Astana Gedong," and "great expense and labour has been bestowed to demolish " and muti- 

 late the surrounding antiquities. 



" In this year" (cod. Justin., and Clint.), edict against augury, and the practice of examining the 

 liver of victims to learn futurity. 



"August" (Hieronym., Clint., and T. Wright), sailing of Hieronymus from Italy. Landing on 

 Cyprus, he with his companions was received by Epiphanius. Proceeding next to Antioch, he 

 enjoyed the society of " pontificis confessorisque Paulini ; " — and reached Jerusalem in mid winter, 



* Nauclea cadamba of the Siamese countries. A large tree called in Sanscrit "kadamba," in 

 Telinga "kadapa-chettu" (J. F. Wats.) or " rudrashakamba," in Tamil " vella cadamba,'' in Hindus- 

 tanee "cuddum," in Bengalee " kudum " (Drur ), in the environs of Bombay "nhew" or "cadamba" 

 or " cuddam " (Graham), in Assam "kadam" (Robinson), in Burmah " ma-00 " (Mason) ; in which we 

 recognize the "kadamba," the "holiest of Indian trees" and third "shadow-giving" tree on the 

 mythological mount Meru, mentioned besides in the Avadana Asoka — (Burn. i. 397) and by Val- 

 miki v. 74 (transl. Gorr.), Bhavabhuti 7, Jayadeva, Kalidasa kum. iii. 6S, Susrutas, and in the Vishnu 

 purana ii. 2: N. cadamba was observed by Rheede iii. pi. 33 in Malabar; by Graham, "common 

 about villages in the Southern Concan," its fruit "about the size of a small orange" eaten by the 

 natives; by Roxburgh, and Robinson, as far as Bengal and Assam, but is regarded by Wight as not 

 a native of the peninsula; was observed by Mason "sometimes cultivated" among the Burmese. 



