556 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Acotiitum anthora of the Pyrenees and mountains of middle Europe as far as Siberia. The 

 knTuRk of Marcellus — (Dod. pempt. iii. 4. 14), or "anthora" growing according to Matthaeus 

 Sylvalicus in the same situations with the " tora " and an antidote to its poison, its flowers " subrubei " 

 (Caesalp. xiv. 8), mentioned also by Simon Januensis, and Arnoldus Villanova, is referred here by 

 writers: A. anthora is described also by Clusius hist. ii. pi. 98; is known to grow on the Pyrenees 

 (Pall, it., and Steud.) and mountains of Switzerland (Jacq. austr. pi. 382, Pers., and Hausman fl. 

 Tyrol i. 31) confined apparently to calcareous soil (Mohl, and A. Dec). "A. Pallasii " is regarded 

 by Lindley as a variety only. 



Ranunculus aconitifolii/s of the mountains of middle Europe. One or more species is called 

 in Britain bolt (Prior) ; and the heRbi.m called in Gaul bLU TT h \G G I 0, growing according to 

 Marcellus 9 LOCIS humldlS, its juice instilled in the ear, — may be compared: the "bolte"is 

 translated "petilum, tnbulum" by Galfridus pr. pra. . R. aconitifolius is termed "pie di cornacchia " 

 by Matthioli ; is known to grow along streams on the mountains of Switzerland, the flowers white 

 (Willd. p. 1316, Curt. mag. pi. 204), the double-flowered variety is called in France "bouton d'argent " 

 (Pers.). 



Impaliens balsamina of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. Called in Britain balsam, in 

 France "balsamine" (Nugent), in Germany "balsamine" (Griebj.by the Turks " knatziziiJk" (Forsk.), 

 in Egypt "areteneh " (Clot-Bey) ; in which we recognize the b&. LS i.m I whose seeds are prescribed 

 by Marcellus 20, — and one of the ornamental flowers whose culture is enjoined by Charlemagne: 

 I. balsamina is described by Fuchsius pi. 190, Matthioli, and Caesalpinus vi. G'S ; is well known in 

 the gardens of Europe (Blackw., and Pers.) ; was observed by Forskal in the gardens of Constanti- 

 nople ; by Clot-Bey, in those of Egypt ; and by Forskal, under cultivation in Yemen. Farther East, 

 was observed by Rheede ix. pi. 52 in Malabar; by Graham, "everywhere" around Bombay "towards 

 the close of the rains" and called " teerda ; " by Mason v. 433 and 764, "exotic'' in Burmah but 

 abounding both cultivated and springing up spontaneously. By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where it continues a favourite garden flower. 



A/alva althaoides of the Mediterranean countries. Annual: yet possibly the bruised or ground 

 root of the mi. LV A. € GR^eCke &.Lbd,e prescribed against colic by Marcellus 27 : — M. alths- 

 oides was observed by Cavamlles ii. pi. 135 in Spain, the flowers white (Pers.) ; by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus and Attica. 



Urasiica arvensis of the Mediterranean countries The bR^SSICke e R R \T I C 2.6 of Mar- 

 cellus 10, the juice of its bruised root to be inserted in the nose, — may be compared : also the "per- 

 forata sive herba umbilicorum" of the Ortus sanitatis pi. 350 : B. arvensis is termed " b. campestris 

 perfoliata flore purpureo " by Tournefort inst. 220; is known to occur in moist cultivated ground in 

 Southern Europe (Pers.); was observed by Boccone pi. 25 in Sicily; by Sibthorp, in tjie moist 

 cultivated fields of Greece. 



Malcolmia maritime/, of the shores of the Mediterranean. Called in France " girofle"e de Mahon " 

 (Pers.) : the KeRMITldOS, an heRbkm that we call VIO lAm m 2. R I N \P0, prescribed by 

 Marcellus 27, — may be compared: M. maritima is termed " hesperis maritima supina exigua " by 

 Tournefort inst. 223 ; is known to grow wild on the seashore of France, and is besides cultivated to 

 ornament lawns. Eastward, by Forskal, and Sibthorp, on the seashore of Greece and the Greek 

 islands as far as the Dardanelles ; by Chaubard, inland in the Peloponnesus colouring the ground 

 in patches with its rose-violet flowers; by Forskal, the "cheiranthus Chius ? foliis dentatis siliquis 

 subulatis" in the gardens of Egypt. " C. lyratus" with pods " erectiusculis rigidis pungentibus," 

 observed by Sibthorp on Cyprus, is regarded by Chaubard as probably not distinct. 



Draba ven/a of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain whitlow grass or nailwort 

 (Prior); and the UNGUINZlLIS of Marcellus — may be compared: D. verna was observed by 

 Sibthorp in sunny situations from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus ; is known to grow also about Cau- 

 casus (Bieb.). Westward, is described by Brunfels ii. 34, Lobel adv. p. u,6 and obs. p. 249, Thalius 

 pi. 7 (Spreng.), and Parkinson th. p. 556; is termed "alysson vulgare polygoni folio caule nudo " 

 by Tournefort inst. 2T7; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far 

 as Denmark and Iceland (fl. Dan. pi. 9S3, Hook., and Pers.). By European colonists, was car- 

 ried to Northeast America, where it has become naturalized from upper Carolina (Chapm.) through- 

 out our middle and Northern States, but according to A. Gray is "not found north of Lower 

 Canada." 



Saxifraga tridactylites of Europe and Northern Asia. Also called in Britain ■whitlow grass 

 and nailwort (Prior); and possibly included in the "unguinalis" of Marcellus :— S. tridactylites 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Bory, frequent in the Peloponnesus. Westward, is described by 

 Lobel pi. 469 (Bory) ; is termed "s. verna annua humilior" by Tournefort inst. 252; and is known 

 to grow in Italy and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Pers 

 Hook., Dec, and Wats.). ' 



