558 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



or lily of the valley or mu ? get, in France " muguet," in Old French " musquet " from " muscatus " 

 scented with musk (Prior), in Greece " krinos " (Sibth.) or at Constantinople " margaritaria" (Forsk.) ; 

 and the LlLlI SyLVkTICI S U C C U S prescribed by Marcellus 1 6 — may be compared : the "hamai- 

 kgrasos " of Euporist. i. 154, a small herb with fragrant flowers having the odour of musk succeeded by 

 cherry-like fruit, is referred here by Gesner, and Sprengel : C. majalis was observed by Sibthorp in 

 the Peloponnesus ; by Forskal, in gardens at Constantinople ; is known to grow wild on Caucasus 

 and in the Tauro-Caspian countries (Bieb.). and in Siberia as far as but not beyond the Ural and 

 Irtisch (Gmel., and Pall.)- Westward, the "lilium convallium" is mentioned by Platearfus, and in 

 the Vulgate translation of Cant. ii. 1 : C. majalis is figured in Ortus sanitatis 256; is described also 

 by Joannes Manardus (Spreng.), Brunfels i. 211, Fuchsius, Dodoens, and Lobel ; is termed "1. con- 

 vallium album " by Tournefort inst. 77 ; was observed by Brotero only under cultivation in Portugal ; 

 but is known to grow wild in wooded mountainous situations in middle Europe, and throughout 

 Northern Europe as far as Russia and Lapland (fl. Dan. pi. S54, Pers., Dec, and Wats.). By Euro- 

 pean colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues a favourite garden flower, and 

 has become naturalized along the Sassafras river in the Delaware peninsula (Baldw.), at the Sweet 

 Springs among the mountains of Virginia (B. S. Bart.), and on the tops of the Alleghanies in Caro- 

 lina (Mx.). 



Stratiotes aloides of the Malayan archipelago ? From its sword-like leaves called in Britain 

 knight's wort or knighfs woundwort or knight's pondwort or water soldier or water sengreen 

 (Prior); and the juice of the heRb^e G L i.6 I ^TO R I C I k€ prescribed by Marcellus 16— may 

 be compared : 3. aloides is described by Dodoens p. 588; is known to occur in slow-moving waters 

 in Britain and Denmark (fl. Dan. pi 337, and Pers.) ; and recently introduced into France, has 

 extended itself in certain localities, although not producing seeds from the presence of one sex only 

 (A. de Juss., and A. Dec). Eastward, according to Kunth en. iii. 8, grows wild from Malabar to 

 Java and the Moluccas. 



Eriophorum raginatitin of Northern climates. The lANUGINem from VIRldl pkpyRO, 

 on the summit q U \S I pkNICULke emiNeNTIS, prescribed by Marcellus 34 — may be com- 

 pared : E. vaginatum is known to grow from Lapland and Russia to France and Switzerland (fl Dan. 

 pi. 236, Dec. fl. fr., and Wats ) ; was observed by Gmelin throughout Siberia. Westward, by Hooker 

 on Iceland; by Lapylaie, on Newfoundland; by myself, as far as Lat. 42 near Boston; by Baldwin, 

 as far as 39° 30' in Delaware ; and by Pursh, from " Canada to Virginia.'' 



Polypodium phegopteris of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The roots of the Fl Ll 

 CLlLi.6 called in Gaul R ^T I S and growing often IN F&.G 0, prescribed by Marcellus 25 — maybe 

 compared: P. phegopteris is known to grow in Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 2224) ; and was observed by 

 Sibthorp as far as the Peloponnesus. 



" 394 A. D." (Philostorg., and Clint.), in Gaul, Eugenius defeated by Theodosius, and put to 

 death. Coins of Eugenius are extant. 



"395, Jan. 17th" (Socrat., and Clint.), death of Theodosius; after dividing the Empire between 

 his two young sons, Arcadius and Honorius. — The partition proved final; the community of interest 

 hitherto felt in regard to foreign invasions, soon becoming greatly weakened. 



Arcadius thus became head of the Byzantine branch of the Roman empire. Through the intrigues 

 of Rufinus, the Huns and Goths under Alaric at once commenced their ravages : and Stilicho guardian 

 of Honorius, crossing the mountains, found Thessaly already plundered by them. 



" 396 A. D." (Zosim., and Clint.), Second expedition of Stilicho. From Sicily sailing direct to 

 the Peloponnesus, he encountered the Goths in Arcadia. Priscus and other priests of the ancient 

 religion had been put to death by them. 



The art of painting on glass (according to Pouchet) began in the " Fourth " century, with the 

 first churches erected by Christians. 



The basilica S. Paolo fuori le mura, a church "four hundred and four" feet long, built at Rome 

 "at the end of the Fourth century" (Lubke and Lutrow). — It was burned in "1823." 



•'Apparently in the fourth century" (Weber, and Ermerius ed. Sor. p. xvii), Caelius Aurelianus 

 writing on medicine, and especially translating from Soranus Ephesius. 



"397 A. D. = ' loung-ngan,' 1st year of Ngan-ti II., of the Tcin" or Ninth dynasty * — (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



* Panax quinquefolium of Northeast America. The ginseng is called by the Mohawks " kalon- 

 daggough " (Hawley), also in aboriginal American " garent-oguen " (Forst. cat. 47, but Osbeck found 

 the name " garentouges " human-thighs in use in China), by the Tartars Northeast of China " orhota " 

 captain of the pi ints (Jartona) : " from the dynasties of the Tsin and Song down to that of the Tang 

 there was no physician of reputation who did not constantly make use of " jin-seng — (receipts in chin. 



