560 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Capsicum frutescens of Tropical America. The red pepper or chilly is called in Aitian "axi" 

 (Ovied.), in Peruvian " uchu," in Mexican "chilli" (Humb. iv. 9), in Tagalo "pasitis," but in ancient 

 times "lara," a name extant among the Pampangos (Blanco), in Burmah "gna-yoke" (Mason), in 

 Telinga " merapu-kai," in Tamil "mollaghai," in Malabar "capoo mologoo," in Bengalee "gacb- 

 murich" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "lal mirchee " (Graham), in Yemen " dar felfel," in 

 Greece "piperies" (Forsk.), in Egypt "felfel ahmar" (Del.); and "red pepper" is mentioned by 

 Budhaghosha parab. 21 as inducing violent sneezing when powdered; — is prescribed by Susrutas 

 sutr. 46 : C. frutescens was observed by Rheede ii. pi. 56 in Malabar, is described also by Rumphius 

 v. pi. 83 ; was observed by Gibson, and Graham, " in every garden " in the environs of Bombay, 

 "also all over the Deccan and Kandesh," and "extensively cultivated about Poosasowlee " and 

 "sent to the Concan markets;" by Roxburgh, and Drury, in other parts of Hindustan as far as 

 Nepaul; by Mason, "exotic" in Burmah; by Blanco, seemingly indigenous on the Philippines: 

 by myself, on the Feejeean and Tongan, by other members of our Expedition on the Samoan Tahei- 

 tian and Hawaiian Islands, brought by Polynesian voyagers from America. A brother of Manco 

 Capac was named Agar Uchu (G. de la Veg. i. iS) : Columbus on his first voyage found "axis " the 

 pepper used by the inhabitants of Aiti or Hayti " very hot, some of it long and some round " (F. Columb. 

 34 to 36) ; the "axi" is described by Oviedo gen. hist. vii. 7 as a substitute for pepper; by Gomara, 

 as "especia que les quemo la lengua ; " but in the wild state C. frutescens seems unknown (A. Dec ). 

 Westward from Hindustan, although observed by Forskal under cultivation in Yemen, and by myself 

 on Zanzibar, by Schweinfurth in Central Africa, C. frutescens appears to have remained unknown in 

 the, Mediterranean countries and Europe until the discovery of America ; is described by Tragus, 

 Cordus, Fuchsius, Matthioli, Lobel, and Clusius exot. pi. 340; was observed by Forskal, and Delile, 

 in Egypt; by Hasselquist, near Jerusalem; by Forskal, and Chaubard, in Asia Minor and Greece. 

 By European colonists, was however introduced into Northeast America. 



One hundred and forty-first generation. Jan. 1st, 401, onward mostly beyond youth : Rab 

 Ashe: the Greek philosopher Plutarchus of Athens; the historians, Eunapius, and Olympiodorus ; 

 the grammarian Orion; the rhetor Troilus ; the Christian Greek writers, Arsacius, Atticus, the 

 chronologers Annianus and Panodorus, Chrysanthus, Evagrius of Antioch, the ecclesiastical histo- 

 rian Sisinnius, Philippus of Side, Maximianus, and Theodoras of Mopseusta : the Latin writers, the 

 poets Claudianus and Rutilianus Numatianus ; the Christian Latin writers, the ecclesiastical historian 

 Sulpicius Severus, Dexter, Cassianus, Marius Mercator, Petronius, Prudentius, Coelestius, Julianus, 

 and Orosius. 



" In the very beginning of the fifth century" (journ. Asiat. v. p. 103 to 138, and Elphinstone iii. 

 3 to 10), the Chinese traveller Fa-hian entering Hindustan visited Behar, at this time the capital; 

 describes also an extensive Budhist cave. "He found Budhism flourishing in the tract between 

 China and India, but declining in the Panjab, and languishing in the last stage of decay in the 

 countries on the Ganges and Jamna. Capila, the birthplace of Budha, was 'a wilderness untenanted 

 by man.' His religion was in full vigour in Ceylon, but had not yet been introduced into Java : " — 

 which island Fa-hian visited on his way back to China, "in ships manned by crews professing the 

 Braminii al religion" (see below 428). 



The impression attributed to Guatama's foot on a mountain in Ceylon is mentioned by Fa-hian, 

 — also in the Mahavamsa i. 1. 7, but by Arab travellers from the Ninth to the Fourteenth century 

 is attributed to Adam (Marco Polo 215, and Burn. ii. 622). 



"402 A. D." (Prosp., and Clint.), Anastasius succeeded by Innocentius, "thirty-eighth " bishop 

 of Rome. 



On the " third of the ides of November " ( Idat. ), eclipse of the sun. " Towards the close of the 

 year" (Clint.), the Goths under Alaric enter Italy. 



"404 A. D." (Gothofred., and Clint, iv. p. 379), gladiatorial exhibitions finally suppressed by 

 Honorius. In Asia Minor, ravages by Isaurians ; from beyond the Taurus chain of mountains. 



"The same year" (Blair), the kingdom of Scotland "revived by Fergus." 



"405 A. D." (Prosp., and Clint.), in Italy, more than "two hundred thousand" Goths under 

 Radagaisus, shut in among the mountains at Fesulae and defeated by Stilicho. 



"406 A. D." (Zosim., and Clint.), Vandali, Alani, and Suevi, crossing the Rhine enter Gaul. 



mallica," in Hindustanee "ban-mallica," in Telinga " adevie-mallie " (Drur.), in the environs of Bom- 

 bay "reoutee" (Graham); and from early times, its bitter root used medicinally in rino-worm : the 



wrapped up relics of a Budhist saint are compared by Budhaghosha xxviii to a jasmine-bud: 



J. angustifolium was observed by Rheede vi. pi. 53 in Malabar ; by N. L. Burmann pi. 2, Ainslie, 

 Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from Travancore to the Coromandel forests, constantly covered with 

 bright shining green foliage and well-adapted for arbours ; by Graham at Bombay, only " in wardens." 



