562 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Islands "noni" (Hale) ; the " hal-trees " of the Mahavamsa ii. p. 30— may be compared: M. citri- 

 foliawasobservedbyRheedei.pl. 52 in Malabar; by Graham, "common in Bombay, extensively 

 cultivated in Kandesh, Berar, Surat, and about Punderpore," its roots "used in dying; " by Drury, 

 the scarlet dye "exported in large quantities from Malabar to Guzerat and the northern part of Hin- 

 doostan;" by Roxburgh, and Wight, the tree occurring as far as Coromandel ; by Mason v. 112, 

 " exotic " in Burmah, cultivated for the red dye obtained from the roots ; is known to occur in Anam, 

 its fruit used medicinally ; was observed by Bontius 97, and Rumphius iii. pi. 99, in the Malayan 

 archipelago, by myself to all appearance indigenous there ; by Blanco, on the Philippines. 

 Farther East, by myself seemingly indigenous on the Feejeean, Tongan, Samoan, and Taheitian 

 islands, occurring also throughout the Paumotuan coral-archipelago, but on the Hawaiian Islands 

 only cultivated and naturalized, its root further ascertained by Rich to be used for dyeing by Poly- 

 nesians. Westward from Hindustan, was observed by Bojer on the Seychelles and Gallega, but by 

 European colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands and cultivated. 



"In this year" (Augustin., and Clint.), at Carthage, conferences with the Donatists : "two 

 hundred and seventy nine " Donatist bishops being present ; and " two hundred and sixty-six Catho- 

 licae partis," including Augustinus. 



"412 A. D." (Socrat, and Clint.), Theophilus bishop of Alexandria succeeded by Cyrillus. 



" 23d day of 1st lunat." (ann. Jap., and Klapr.), Fan-sio succeeded by his brother In-kio, now 

 twentieth dairo of Japan. 



"Nov. 21st" (Percev. i. 244 to 415), commencement of the Naci era of the Arabs. 



"413 A. D." (Prosp., Blair, and Clint), commencement under Gundicar of the Burgundian king- 

 dom : Westward of the Upper Rhine. 



At this time, lake-temples dedicated to local deities in various parts of Northern and middle 

 Europe; one being mentioned in the following inscription found at Aulun in Burgundy, " licnos 

 contextos ieuru Anvalonnacu canecosedlon," — the last word translated " domain lacustrem" "lake- 

 house" by A. Pictet (Troyon p. 198). Gregorius of Tours glor. confes. ii. speaks of a lake on 

 Mount Helanus in Ge"vaudan having been an object of worship ; furious storms arising on the occa- 

 sion of offerings, the phenomenon ceasing only after a church had been built near by and the people 

 converted to Christianity: again in miracul. ii., he speaks of a sacred fountain and lake at Brioude 

 sur l'Allier, into which the people cast the ido!s after their conversion to Christianity. A pit filled 

 with water and consecrated to demons at Vierzon among the Bituriges, is mentioned in the life of 

 St. Sulpicede Bourges (act. Benedict, ii p. 172) : and Gervasius Tilberiensis (Leibniz i. 982) speaks 

 of an invisible palace of demons on Mount Cna^tim in Catalogue, in a lake, into which if a stone be 

 thrown a storm at once arises : the superstition of storms arising from throwing a stone into a lake, 

 also occurs in the traditions of Germany and Finland (Grimm mythol. Deutsche 388). 



"414 A. D." (Theodoret., Sozom. ix. 4, Plate, and Clint.), at Suza, a fire-temple destroyed by 

 the Christian bishop Abd is. Who, when ordered by king Yesdejerd to rebuild it, refused, and was 

 put to death. Some persecutions against Christians ensued in Persia. 



"415 A. D." (Socrat., and Clint.), at Alexandria, Hypatia daughter of the philosopher Theon, 

 murdered. 



Cidrelt toona of Tropical Hindustan, Burmah, and the Malayan Archipelago. An Egyptian 

 harp made of East Indian mahogany, — was seen by Rosseline in Florence (athenaeum July 22d 1S37, 

 and Royle antiq. hind. med. p. 130). Eastward, C. toona is called in Bengalee "toon" or "lood" 

 (Lindl.) ; is described by Rumphius iii. pi. 39; was observed by Graham in "ravines at Kandalla, 

 the beautiful timber is not inferior to mahogany, the flowers are used in Mysore in dying cotton a 

 beautiful red colour, while the bark is considered equal " to that of the Soymida " as an antiperiotlical 

 in fevers ;" and according to Roxburgh cor. iii. pi. 238, Wight, and Lindley, the trunk is "erect, of a 

 great size and height," the "bark a powerful astringent, and though not bitter, a tolerably good sub- 

 stitute for Peruvian bark'' in "remitting and intermitting fevers." Farther East, enumerated by 

 Mason v. p. 539 as found by Nuthall " in Aracan," by McClelland " in Pegu," and furnishing the 

 toon timber of commerce : observed also by Blume bydr. 199, and Horsfield, in Java. 



"The same year" (Prosp., and Clint.), death of Ataulphus in Spain, and Sigericus elected king 

 of the Goths. After " seven days," he was succeeded by Vallia or Wallia. 



"417 A. D." (Olympiodor., and Clint.), marriage of the Roman general Constantius with Pla- 

 cidia, daughter of Theodosius and widow of the Gothic king Ataulphus. 



"The same year" (Alst., and Nicol), Innocentius succeeded by Zosimus, thirty-ninth bishop of 

 Rome. 



"418 A. D." (Idat., and Clint), in Spain, the Vanclali and Alani defeated and nearly exterminated 

 by the Goths ; who returning into Gaul, received through Constantius the province of Aquitania, from 

 " Tolosa to the ocean." Their king Wallia dying in this year, succeeded by Theodores. 



On the " fourteenth of the Calends of August " (Marcellin., and Clint.), eclipse of the sun. 



