OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 563 



"The same year" (Prosp., and Clint), the decree of a synod at Carthage against Pelagius sub- 

 mitted to the bishop of Rome ; approved by Zosimus, and everywhere accepted by the churches. A 

 synod at Carthage afterwards assembled, Augustinus and Prosper being present (Alst. pp. 344 and 

 368), and a decree issued, That no appeal, nor any authority over the African bishops should hence- 

 forward be conceded to the bishops of Rome. 



Appuleius Barbarus possibly identical with L. Appuleius M. Mago mentioned by Augustinus — 

 (Gesen. inscript. phoen. 383). 



Thalictrum agiii'egi/olium of middle and Eastern Europe. A species of meadow-rue ; and the 

 eRVphlON called by the Italians RuTMYl a^ReSTem, having according to Apuleius Bar- 

 barus 126 the form of &. p I I and the flower puRDURe SlmlLem, — mentioned also by Serapion 

 (Trag. 335), may be compared: T. aquilegifolium is described by Dodoens (Spreng.) ; is termed 

 "t. alpinum aquilegiae foliis florum staminibus purpurascentibus " by Tournefort inst. 270 ; " t. atro- 

 purpureum " by Jacquin austr. pi. 348 : is known to grow on the mountains of Austria and Switzer- 

 land (Pers.) ; and was observed by Sib thorp in woods from the Peloponnesus to mount Haemus. 



Potentilla tormentilla of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain septfoil 

 (Prior) ; in which we recognize the " seofenleafe " identified in the Anglo-Saxon version with the 

 hepTkphyLLON or SepTIFOLlumof Apuleius Barbarus 118 : —the "tormentilla" is men- 

 tioned in the Liber Saladini, and the Ortus Sanitatis pi. 481 : P. tormentilla is termed " t. sylves- 

 tris " by Tournefort inst. 298 ; is known to grow in Britain, Denmark, and throughout middle Europe 

 (fl. Dan. pi. 589, Engl. bot. pi. 863, Vill. delph., and Pers.). The root according to Lindley is "very 

 astringent," and "produces its astringent effects without causing excitement." 



Trichodesma Africana of the Egyptian portion of the Desert. An herb called in Egypt "lus- 

 seq" or " horreyq " (Forsk., and Del.) ; in which we recognize the CORR&.QO given as the original 

 name of borage by Apuleius Barbarus, — also the "horraik" identified by Ebn Baitar with the " banat 

 elnar" of Elbasri, and others: T. Africana was observed by Forskal, and Delile, as far North as 

 Cairo, growing in the Desert. 



Scorzonera resedifolia of Egypt and the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "lago- 

 ps6mi " (Sibth.), in Egypt " jamrur " (Forsk.) ; in which we recognize the L^CTUC^ LepORINk 

 of Apuleius Barbarus 113: — S. resedifolia was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in Southern 

 Greece ; by Forskal p 144, and Delile, growing in the Egyptian Desert. Westward, by Boccone 

 xiii. pi. 7 in Sicily, by Desfontaines ii. p. 226 in Barbary, is known to grow also in Spain and France 

 (Pers., and Steud.). 



Picridium vulgare of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " tou lagou t5 psSmi " 

 (Sibth.), and possibly included in the " lactuca leporina" of Apuleius : — P. vulgare was observed by 

 Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from Asia Minor and Cyprus to the Greek islands and the Pelo- 

 ponnesus. Westward, is described by Lobel pi. 236; is termed sonchus "laevis angustifolius " by 

 Tournefort inst. 475 ; and is known to grow in Barbary and Southern France (Allioni ped. pi. 16, 

 Lam. fl. fir., Pers., and Steud.). 



Nepeta cataria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain nep or cat-mint 

 (Ainsw., and Prior), in Italy " cataria " or " erba gattaria " (Lenz), in which we recognize the " nepte " 

 identified in the Anglo-Saxon translation with the NepiT^mON of Apuleius Barbarus 95 : — the 

 "nepeta" of the capitularia of Charlemagne is referred here by Antony, and Sprengel ; is mentioned 

 also by Walafridus Strabus p. 225; and the " nepite," by Nicolaus Praepositus 126: N. cataria is 

 described by Brunfels pi. (Spreng. praef.), Dodoens i. 4. 14, and Gerarde p. 544 ; is termed "cataria 

 major vulgaris by Tournefort inst. 202; is known to occur in waste places in Italy and throughout 

 middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 580, Pers., and Lenz). Eastward, was observed by 

 Sibthorp around Constantinople. By European colonists, was carried prior to 1670 (Joss.) to North- 

 east America, where it has become frequent around dwellings and along roadsides, and is called cat- 

 nip. In conformity with the statement of Dodoens I have found it perhaps the only plant noticed by 

 cats, and have seen them smell and rub against it: according to Lindley, "it is said to have been 

 advantageously exhibited in amenorhcea." 



Digitaria sanguinalis of the Malayan archipelago. A grass called in Germany " hahnenbein " 

 (cocksleg), in which we recognize the CRUS Q^LLl of Apuleius Barbarus 45, — identified in the 

 An^lo-Saxon version with the " attorlathe," mentioned also in the Leechbook, and from figures in 

 manuscripts G. T. A. referred here by Cockayne : the " venich " of Hildegarde, is also referred here 

 by Sprengel : D. sanguinalis was once regularly cultivated in Europe (Beckm.) ; but was growing 

 spontaneously in Britain in the time of Gerarde p. 25, Parkinson, and Ray, as after occasional intro- 

 duction to the present day (Wats.) ; is described by Lobel pi., and Camerarius pi. . . ; is termed "gra- 

 men dactylon folio latiore " by Tournefort inst. 520 ; was observed by Desfontaines in Barbary ; and 

 is known to occur in waste ground in various parts of Europe, as in Northwestern France and the 

 outlying Jersey isles (Schreb. pi. 16, Leers pi. 2, Curt. lond. iv. pi. 7, Pers., Piquet, and A. Dec). 



