OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 567 



general, — and where they prevail among the Christian population to the present day. About a 

 century after the condemnation, the proscribed Sect received the name of " Jacobites " (from Jacobus 

 of Edessa, pronounced Yacobus) ; and hence apparently the term " Copts," employed by Europeans 

 but unknown in Egypt. The authority of this Council continues to be recognized by the Greek 

 church (E. A. Soph.). 



Pulmonaria officinalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. An herb called in Britain 

 lungwort, in medieval Latin " pulmonaria," and from its spotted leaves supposed to be a remedy 

 for diseased lungs (Prior) : possibly the p U L m N ~&. X I & of the Italians, notwithstanding the state- 

 ment of Vegetius : — P. officinalis is described by Ruel ii. 116 to 145; is termed "p. italorum ad 

 buglossum accedens " by Tournefort inst. 136 ; is known to grow in woods in middle Europe (Pers.) ; 

 but in Britain is regarded by Borrer, and Watson, as perhaps exotic and only naturalized. Eastward, 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cool shaded situations in the Peloponnesus and other 

 parts of Greece. (See Helleborus foetidus.) 



"452 A. D." (Jornand., and Clint.), Venetia and the country North of the Po ravaged by Attila. 

 Who on the Mincius was met by Leo bishop of Rome, and persuaded to retire to his own country 

 beyond the Danube. The founding of Venice is referred here by some writers, the location affording 

 protection against ravages by land (Blair). 



" The same year " (Idat., and Clint.), Torismond succeeded as king of the Goths, by his brother 

 Theodoric II. 



"The same year" (cod. Justin., and Clint.), Proterius ordained bishop of Alexandria. 



"453 A. D." (Cassiod., and Clint), death of Attila. Followed by wars for the succession among 

 his sons. 



"454 A. D. =: ' hiao-kien,' 1st year of Hiao-wou-ti II., of the Northern Soung" or Tenth dynasty 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



" In this year" (ann. Jap., transl. Tits.), In-kio succeeded by his son An-ko, now twenty-first 

 dairo of Japan. 



"The same year" (Blair), a Saxon kingdom established in South Britain. 



Cardiospermum helicacabum of Subtropical North America. The balloon-vine or heart-pea is 

 called in Tagalo "bangcoton" (Blanco), in Burmah " malamai " (Mason), has a Sanscrit name 

 (Pidd.), is called in Bengalee "shibjool" or '• nuphutkee," in Telinga " budda-kanka-rakoo " or 

 " nellagoolisienda," in Tamil " moodacottan, in Malabar "palloolavum ulinja" (Drur.), in Yemen 

 " hadk " or " dharu aesuasd " (Forsk.) ; has a native name in Dongola (Caill. ) ; and the a N a K a p A U 

 of the antidote of Theodoretus — (Theoph Nonn. 35), also mentioned by Aetius (Royle antiq. hind.), 

 Paulus Aegineta, Nicolaus Praepositus, and Nicolaus Myrepsus, may be compared : C. helicacabum 

 is described by Valerius Cordus, Tragus, Fuchsius, and Matthioli, continues under cultivation in 

 gardens, and in Southern Spain springing up spontaneously in cultivated ground (Boissier, and A. 

 Dec.) ; was observed by Delile in gardens at Cairo ; by Cailliaud, in Dongola; by Grant, in Equa- 

 torial Africa, "common, 7° S. to 2° N., leaves are made into spinage by the Wahiyou ; " is known as 

 far as Guinea and Cape Verd (Benth. fl. nigr.) ; was observed by myself seemingly wild on Zanzibar ; 

 by Forskal, in moist places near the base of the mountains of Yemen ; by Graham, in the environs of 

 Bombay, " common in hedges etc. during the rains," but appeared to me only naturalized ; by Rheede 

 viii. pi. 28, in Malabar, rubbed up with water and applied in rheumatism and stiffness of the limbs ; 

 by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, " common everywhere " in Hindustan, and used for various 

 medicinal purposes. Eastward, by Mason v., " exotic " in Burmah, " raised in great quantities by 

 the natives, but more as a vegetable than a medecine ; " by Blanco, on the Philippines, employed by 

 the natives medicinally; by Rumphius vi. pi. 24, on the Moluccas, its leaves cooked as a vegetable; 

 by myself, occurring a weed on the Feejeean, Tongan, Samoan, Taheitian, and Hawaiian Islands. 

 Farther East, by E. James, "native" on the Canadian branch of the Arkansas and on the Missouri 

 (Torr.) ; was received by Pursh from " Kaskaskias " (below the mouth of the Missouri) ; was observed 

 by Chapman in "South Florida, apparently native, and not uncommon in cultivation ; " by Maycock, 

 on Barbadoes. By European colonists, was carried to our Middle and Northern Atlantic States, 

 where it continues in gardens ; and to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.). 



"455, March 16th " (Prosp., and Clint.), Valentinian III. slain; succeeded by Maximus as 

 Western emperor. At the end of about two months, Maximus was slain, and by invitation of the 

 widow of Valentinian III., the Vandals under Genseric entered and pillaged Rome. Through the 

 intercession of the Roman bishop Leo, Genseric was afterwards persuaded to retire. 



" The same year" (Clint.), end of the chronicle of Prosper Aquitanus. Chiefly a continuation 

 of that of Hieronymus. 



Hardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, and Bentl.), Yichitra reigning m Hindu- 

 stan. 



"456" (Idat., and Clint.), by Marcian, Avitus acknowledged Western emperor: and a poem 



