OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 577 



"537 A. D." (Lib. pontif., and Clint.), Silverius deposed by Belisarius, and Vigilius ordained 

 fifty-seventh bishop of Rome. Before the close of the year, Belisarius, besieged in Rome by an 

 army of Goths under Witiges, sent the historian Procopius on a mission to Naples. 



"In or about this year" (Percev. i. 141), Aryat slain and succeeded by Abraha, now second 

 Abyssinian governor of Yemen. — Under his rule, Gregentius sent by the patriarch of Alexandria 

 to Zhafar as bishop. 



"538 A. D." (Procop., and Clint.), after a siege of "a year and nine days," withdrawal of the 

 Goths from Rome. Although followed by Belisarius, Witiges reached, and aided by the Burgundians 

 laid siege to Milan. 



In this year (== 543 B. C. — " 1080 years" in Mahavams. xli ), accession of Ambaharanasala 

 as king of Ceylon. — He " destroyed all the wicked priests and burned their books " (Braminical), 

 and reigned " thirteen years." 



Sida stipulata of Tropical Africa and Asia as far as Burmah. Called in Burmah "pyen-dan- 

 gna-len" (Mason), and probably from early times known there and in Hindustan: — observed by 

 Mason v. 519 indigenous in Burmah, growing in company with S. acuta * from which it is "not 



* Sida acuta of Tropical Eastern Asia. Branching and shrubby, four to six feet high, called 

 in Tagalo and Bisaya and Pampango "mamalis" or " pamalis " or "vavalisin" or "higot balato," in 

 Ylocano " taquing baca " (Blanco), in Tamil " malay-taynghie " or "arrooa-manopondoo," in Telinga 

 "vishaboddee," in Bengalee " kureta" (Drur.) ; and from early times, its intensely bitter root valued 

 as stomachic : — observed by Rheede x. pi. 53 in Malabar ; by Graham, immediately around " Bom- 

 bay, not common;" by Burmann, Retz, Ainslie, Roxburgh, as far as Bengal. Farther East, by 

 Mason v. 479 to 519 indigenous, and "the most troublesome weed in Tavoy," affording "a very fine 

 hemp" and its "bitter" root "deemed cordial and stomachic; " by Loureiro, in Anam ; by Rum- 

 phius vi. pi. 18, on Java (Pers.) ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, its stamens moving on being touched 

 with a needle. Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet mant. x. pi. 334. 



Hydnocarpus odoratus of Eastern Hindustan. A large Pangioid tree called in Silhet "chaul- 

 moogra " or " petarkura " (Lindl.) ; and from early times, its seeds employed extensively in Hindustan 

 to cure cutaneous disorders, especially leprosy: — known to grow in Silhet and Assam (Roxb. cor. 

 pi. 299, Wight, and Drur.). 



Chickrassia tabularis of Burmah and the mountainous country East of Bengal. A mahogany- 

 like tree, its timber called in Bengalee " chikrassee," in Tamil " aglay mnrum " (Drur.), and known 

 from early times : — growing on the Dindigul hills and in Chittagong, its close-grained elegantly- 

 veined wood much employed by cabinet-makers, and one of the kinds called in commerce Chittagong 

 wood (Roxb., and Drur.) ; observed by McClelland growing "with teak" in Pegu (Mason v. 539). 

 The bark according to Lindley is powerfully astringent without bitterness. 



Celastms paniculatus of Hindustan. A woody climber called in Tamil " valuluvy," in Telinga 

 "bavungie," in Hindustanee " malkunganee " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " kangoonee " or 

 " karung-kangoonee " (Graham) ; and from early times, a black or deep-scarlet oil procured from 

 its seeds, used medicinally, but principally for horses: — observed by Graham "common on the 

 Ghauts and throughout the hilly parts of the Concan," and found by Murray "at Mahableshwur ; by 

 Roxburgh, Royle, Wight, and Powell, from the Punjaub and Dheyra Dhoon to the Neilgherries, 

 Mysore, and the Circar mountains. The oil, according to Royle ill. 167 and antiq. hind, med., and 

 Malcolmson, is " a stimulant and useful medicine," has been found a successful remedy in " beriberi " 

 (Lindl., and Drur.). 



Phyllanthus virosus of Eastern Hindustan. Erect, woody, with numerous ascending branches ; 

 and from early times, its strong astringent bark thrown into water to intoxicate fish: — observed 

 by Roxburgh on mountains and in the forest (Lindl.). From transported specimens, described by 

 Willdenow (Pers.). 



Catums spicijlorus of Southern Hindustan. A Euphorbiaceous shrub called in Malabar "watta- 

 tali " (Drur.) ; and from early times employed medicinally : — observed by Rheede, Rumphius iv. 

 pi. 37 (Pers.), Burmann pi 61, from Malabar to Travancore ; the flowers according to Lindley "said 

 to be a specific in diarrhoea and similar disorders." 



Sapiuiu Indicum of Tropical Hindustan. A small Euphorbiaceous tree with pendulous branches 

 sometimes ending in thorns ; called in Bengalee "hoorooa" (Lindl.), and from early times, its seeds 

 used for intoxicating fish : — observed by Rheede iv. pi. 51 in Malabar: by Nimmo, in "various parts 

 in the S. Concan" (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by Buchanan, and Roxburgh, as far as the 

 "delta of the Ganges," its "juice highly poisonous" (Lindl.). 



Tiaoia invohtcrata of Tropical Hindustan. A twining Euphorbiaceous annual having stinging 

 hairs on' the leaves, called in Bengalee "bichitee" (Lindl.), in Telinga " doolaghondi," in Tamil 

 " canchoorie " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " kooltee " (Graham) ; and from early times, its 



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