OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 579 



Curcuma angustifolia of Southern Hindustan. A steraless Scitamineous plant called in Malabar 

 "kooghei" or ''kooa," in Tamil "kooa," in Hindustanee "tikhur" (Drur ) ; and from early times, 

 arrowroot prepared from its tubers eaten by the natives: — observed by Roxburgh in "forests from 

 the banks of the Sona to Nagpore," the product "sold in the markets of Benares " (Lindl.) ; by Drury, 

 abounding especially in Travancore, its product "a favourite article of diet among the natives," and 

 largely exported under the name of East Indian arrowroot. 



" 539 A. D. " (Procop., and Clint.), Milan captured by the Goths and Burgundians : and entrance 

 into Italy of "a hundred thousand" French under Theudibert. Who after laying waste the country, 

 form a treaty with Belisarius and retire. 



as thick as a man's arm," the " leaves similar in smell and taste to those of" garden sage and " applied 

 to the same uses" (Lindl.); but Wallich remarked "an odour like camphor" when the plant is 

 rubbed. Indian sage, "Salvia Indica," described by Morison iii. pi. 13, and called "seotee" in the 

 environs of Bombay where it is also "cultivated" (Graham), is regarded by Nimmo as perhaps not 

 distinct. 



Congea irillosa of Eastern Hindustan. A Verbenaceous plant, its leaves from early times used in 

 fomentations, — and according to Roxburgh having "a strong heavy disagreeable smell" (Lindl.). 



Preinna inte^rifolLi of Tropical shores, from Hindustan throughout the Malayan archipelago 

 and Polynesian islands to Taheiti and beyond. An elliptic-leaved Verbenaceous shrub, from early 

 times occasionally used in medicine (Lindl.) : — observed by Rheede i. pi. 53 in Malabar ; by Graham, 

 "by the sea shores Bombay," the bruized leaves having " a very peculiar and rather unpleasant smell ; " 

 by N. L. Burmann pi 41, Ainslie, and Roxburgh, as far as the Eastern coast; is termed "folium 

 hirci " by Rumphius iii. p. 134; and was observed by myself facing the sea along the Feejeean, 

 Samoan, and Taheitian islands as far as Metia. 



Callicarpa lanata of Tropical Eastern Asia. A Verbenaceous shrub or small tree called in 

 Tagalo " palis " or "tubang dalag " from being used to intoxicate fish (Blanco), in Tamil " caat 

 comul," in Bengalee " massandarie," in Hindustanee "bastra" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay 

 "eisur" (Graham) ; and from early times employed medicinally: — observed by Rheede iv. pi. 60 in 

 Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, and on "the Parr and Rotunda ghauts " as far as 

 " Mahableshwur ; " by Ainslie, Buchanan, Roxburgh, and Royle, as far as Travancore and Coroman- 

 del, its root employed in Upper Hindustan "in cutaneous complaints," and in Chittagong a fibre pro- 

 cured from the inner bark, called aroosha fibre but not much valued (Drur.) ; is known to grow also 

 on Ceylon (fl. Zeyl.), where its sub-aromatic slightly bitter bark "is chewed by the Cingalese instead 

 of betel-leaves." Farther East, was observed by Loureiro i. 70 common in the hedges of Anam ; by 

 Blanco, well known on the Philippines. 



Urtica crenulata of Eastern Bengal. Known doubtless from early times, — and according to 

 Leschenault de la Tour one of the most venomous of the tribe, but Roxburgh iii. 591 is silent on this 

 point (Drur.). 



Piper sylvaticum of the mountainous Northern border of Bengal. Perennial-rooted, with branches 

 creeping on the ground or rooting ivy-like on trees ; called " pahari peepul" mountain long-pepper, 

 and known from early times : — observed by Roxburgh, the spikes "used in Bengal both green and 

 ripe as long pepper " (Lindl.). 



Homalomena aromatica of Chittagong. A caulescent Araceous plant, with sub-sagittate leaves ; 

 called " cuchoo-gundubee " (Lindl.), and from early times, the medicinal virtues of its root in high 

 estimation in Hindustan : — observed by Roxburgh, the root when cut diffusing "a pleasant aromatic 

 scent something like that of Zingiberaceae " (Lindl.). 



Amomum aromaticum of valleys on the Eastern frontier of Bengal. A Scitamineous herb called 

 in Bengalee " morung elachi " (Lindl.) ; and its spicy seeds known from early times : — observed by 

 Roxburgh, its "fruit similar in quality to cardamoms for which it is sold" in the drug-shops of Hin- 

 dustan, "the seeds are similar in their shape and spicy flavour" (Lindl.). 



Elettaria medium of Eastern Hindustan. Called there " do-keswa " (Lindl.) ; and its spicy seeds 

 known from early times : —growing in the hilly country in the neighbourhood of Sylhet, and "from the 

 form of the capsule and the acrid aromatic taste of the seeds " suspected by Roxburgh to be the " car- 

 damomum medium " of European writers on materia medica. The " semina cardamomi majora " or 

 "wild cardamoms from Calcutta" examined by Pereira in the drug-shops of Europe, are considered 

 by him belonging perhaps to this species (Lindl.). 



Curcuma leucorhiza of Eastern Hindustan. Called "tikor" (Lindl.), and known from early- 

 times : —observed by Roxburgh in the forests of Bahar, its tubers yielding a kind of arrowroot 



(Lindl , and Drur.). 



Curcuma rubescens of Eastern Hindustan. Known from early times : —observed by Roxburgh 

 in Bengal, its "pendulous tubers" yielding "a very beautiful pure starch like arrow-root," which the 

 natives "prepare and eat" (Lindl.). 



