OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 581 



"544 A. D. = 10th year of the 'ta-thoung' of Wou-ti V." (Chinese chron. table), beginning of 

 the Fifty-fourth cycle. 



The Tchouds or Tchoudaki, ancient gold miners whose diggings are scattered over the Ural 



Cupressus Nutkanus of Alaska. A cypress, from early times used for making bowls and boxes 

 by the Tsimpsheans — (R. Brown jun.) : received from Northwest America by Fischer, and termed 

 " thuiopsis borealis." 



Vicia gigantea of the Columbia. A species of vetch, its seeds from early times eaten by the 

 natives — (R. Brown jun.) : received by Hooker from the Columbia river. 



Rosa fraxinifolia of Western Oregon. From early times, its young shoots eaten by the natives 

 — (R. Brown jun.) : growing according to Hooker only along the Pacific. 



Rubus Nutkanus of Alaska and Oregon. From early times, its tender shoots eaten by the 

 natives, and its berries collected and dried — (R. Brown jun.): observed by Mertens at 57 on 

 Norfolk Sound ; and according to Hooker, grows along the Pacific from 43 to 50 , also at the sources 

 of the Columbia. 



Rubus spectabilis of Alaska and Western Oregon. The salmon-berry, its fruit from early times 

 collected and dried by the natives — (R. Brown jun.) • observed by Lewis and Clark on the Columbia 

 (Pursh) ; by Menzies, along the Pacific ; by Mertens, at 57 on Norfolk Sound ; and according to 

 Hooker, grows on Unalaska. 



Pyrulus rivularis of Alaska and Western Oregon. The Alaska crab apple, its fruit from early 

 times collected by the natives and preserved in bags — (R. Brown jun.) : observed by Douglas, and 

 according to Hooker, growing from the Columbia to Nootka and Northward. 



Cerasus mollis of Northwest America. The Oregon cherry, its fruit from early times eaten by 

 the natives — ■ (R. Brown jun.) : observed by Douglas, and according to Hooker, growing at the 

 mouth of the Columbia and at its source. 



Megarhiza Oregana of Western Oregon. A prostrate bryony-like Cucurbitaceous plant, its huge 

 root from early times placed in ponds by the natives to stupefy deer coming to drink — (R. Brown 

 jun.) : observed by myself in the flowery prairies around Fort Nisqually, its root sometimes a yard in 

 diameter. 



Ribes divaricatum of Alaska. From early times, its berries collected and dried by the natives — 

 (R. Brown jun.) : observed by Douglas common along the Pacific from 48° to 52 (Hook.). 



Heuchera cylindrica of Oregon. From early times among the Nisqually tribe, bruised and 

 applied to boils — (R. Brown jun.) : observed by Douglas west of the Rocky mountains (Hook.). 



Eulophus leiocarpus of Western Oregon. Perhaps the " peucedanumleucocarpum" whose stem 

 has been eaten from early times by the natives — (see R. Brown jun.). E. leiocarpus was received 

 by Hooker from Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the Columbia. 



Eulophus triternatus of the Columbia river. Its "fusiform root " from early times eaten by the 

 natives, "baked or roasted" — (Pursh); observed by Lewis and Clark on the Columbia. 



Ferula nudicaulis of the Columbia river. Its tops from early times boiled by the natives " in 

 their soups " — (Pursh) ; observed by Lewis and Clark on the Columbia. 



Ligusticum Scoticum of the Subarctic seashore. The sea, lovage known from early times to the 

 natives of Northwest America, and its green stem eaten — (R. Brown jun.) : known to grow from the 

 mouth of the Columbia along the Pacific to Bhering's Straits, also in Labrador (Hook.) and from 67° 

 in Greenland (Wats.); was observed by Hooker in Iceland; by Lapylaie, in Newfoundland; by 

 Michaux, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence ; by myself, along the seashore of New England as far as 

 41 30' at the mouth of Narraj^ansett Bay. Eastward, across the Atlantic, was observed by Sibbald in 

 Scotland (Spreng.) ; is described also by Plukenet aim. pi. 96 (Pers.) ; and is known to grow on the 

 Hebrides, and on the seashore of Norway, Lapland, and Northern Siberia (fl. Dan. pi. 207, Dec, 

 and Wats.). 



Gaultheria shallon of Western Oregon. Called "salal" (R. Brown jun.), and its berries from 

 early times collected and dried by the natives : —observed by Menzies along the Pacific ; by Lewis 

 and Clark, at the falls of the Columbia ; by myself, a shrub two to three feet high, forming patches 

 around Puget Sound. 



Vaccinium ovalifolium of Oregon. The le brou plant, its berries from early times made into 

 a cake, considered a dainty by the natives— (R. Brown jun.) : V. ovalifolium was observed by Menzies 

 along the Pacific ; by Lewis and Clark, on the Columbia (Pursh). 



Vaccinium salicinum of Alaska. The berries of various species of Vaccinium, from early times 

 collected and dried by the natives of Northwest America— (R. Brown jun.). V. salicinum was 

 observed by Chamisso on Unalaska. 



Finns monticola of Oregon. From early times its bark used for weaving blankets, and its wood 

 for the long wooden spoons with which the le brou cake is supped— (R. Brown jun.). 



