586 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



called in Greece " iva artJteka " (Sibth.), in which we recognize the d p T U T I K h of Alexander Tral- 

 lianus : — S. Africana was observed by Sibthorp on the island of Zacynthus. Westward, " seme arte- 

 tice " are prescribed medicinally by Franciscus Pedemontium ff. iS6and20i; S. Africana is described 

 by Hermann parad. pi. 219; is termed "s. africana arborescens maxima foliis rugosis et crenatis inte- 

 gris major " by Tournefort inst. 465 ; and is attributed by Persoon to Africa as well as the East. By 

 European colonists, has recently been introduced by the way of Austral Africa into Hindustan 

 (Graham). 



Daphne mezereum of middle Europe? A shrub called in Greece "m£zair£6n" (Sibth.), and 

 the imported drug at Patna on the Ganges "mameera" (Irvine 256); in which we recognize the 

 mamsipaC of Alexander Trallianus ii. 5, — " mamera " of Paulus Aegineta, " mezereum " of Apu- 

 leius Barbarus ill, and " mazariun " of Elhur, Hobaisch, Elthabari, and Ebn Baitar : D. mezereum 

 was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus; is described by old English writers as growing in 

 Germany and cultivated in gardens in Britain, where it has since become completely naturalized (Mill., 

 and Wats.); is termed "thymelaea lauri folio deciduo " by Tournefort inst. 595 ; and is regarded as 

 indigenous in Germany and France (fl. Dan. pi. 268, Pers., and A. Dec). The bark according to 

 Lindley is " excessively acrid," is collected in Germany " and dried for medicinal use," is employed in 

 France "under the name of 'garou' to produce vesication," and in Britain "is frequently employed as 

 a topical remedy for toothach." 



"In this year" (. . . . Humb. cosm. i.), a comet; the third one whose orbit is known from 

 Chinese observations. 



" In this year" (Cockayne note to Leechb. i. 40), the small pox in France, — and "in 572 " ap- 

 peared in Arabia. The disease is described also by Ahrun (Spreng. hist. med. vi. 5), Maserjawia 

 (Steinschn. ii. 22), Abu Zeid, and " in 923 " by Rhazes. 



"566 A. D." (Coripp., and Clint.), consulship of Justin II. — The years in which, were again 

 numbered consecutively. 



"The same year" (Clint.), end of the chronicle of Victor Tununensis. Also, of the chronicle of 

 the anonymous continuator of Marcellinus. 



In this year (= "491 an. jav." of Nata Kasuma, Raffles x.), after the conclusion of the Brata 

 Yudha or war of the Pandus, death of Suyudana. Punta Dewa, son of Pandu Dewa Nata, now became 

 ruler at Astina over the united Hindu colonies on Java. 



"567 A. D." (Joann. Abbas, and Clint, iv. p. 824), at Narbo, Athanagild succeeded by Liuva, as 

 Gothic king of Spain. 



"The same year " = ' kouang-ta,' 1st year of Tchou-pe-tsoung, of the Tchin " or Thirteenth 

 dynasty (Chinese chron. table). 



One hundred and forty-sixth generation. Sept. 1st, 567, onward mostly beyond youth : Jacobus 

 of Edessa (Alst. p. 3S9) : the Greek historians, Menander Protector, Joannes of Epiphaneia, Joannes 

 Malalas, and Theophanes of Byzantium ; the Greek ecclesiastical writers, Eulogius of Alexandria, 

 and the ecclesiastical historian Evagrius : the Latin ecclesiastical writers, Joannes Biclariensis, Yenan- 

 tius Fortunatus. 



"568, April" (Paul. Diac, Blair, and Clint.), by invitation of Narses who had been deprived of 

 his command, the Lombards under their king Alboin leaving Pannonia establish themselves in Italy. 

 — From Constantinople, exarchs were sent to Ravenna against the Lombards. 



"The same year" (Isidor., and Clint.), Liuva Gothic king of Spain, succeeded by his brother 

 Leuvigild. 



"The same year" (Menand. Protect., Theophan. Byzant., Joann. Epiphan., and Clint.), arrival in 

 Constantinople of an embassy from a distant people called " Tourkoi " (Turks) ; now first mentioned 

 in history. 



" In this year " (Humb. cosm. i.), a comets the fourth one whose orbit is known from Chinese 

 observations. 



"569 A. D. = 'tai-kien,' 1st year of Hiouan-ti II." or Siouan-ti, of the Tchin or Thirteenth 

 dynasty — (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 279). 



" In this year" (Menand, 3S0, and Klapr. mem. ii. 389), Zemarkh sent by Justin II. to Dizaboul 

 khan of the Turks, encamped among the Alt.1i.1n mountains. Dizaboul, bv the Chinese called Ti theou 

 pou li, received the ambassador Zemarchus, and presented a XEDX I C 'female slave. According to 

 Humboldt cosm. 1, the Kirghis, originally a Finnish tribe, — are called "kirkiz " by Abulgazi hist, 

 mong.; life on the Steppes inducing among them, the Baschkirs (Fins), the Turks (Ti Tukiu) the 

 Torgodi and Dsungari (Mongolians), the same nomadic habits, including felt tents carried on wagons 

 and pitched among herds of cattle. ° 



Artemisia paucijlora of the Uralian plains. Called by the Kirghis "juschann," and from early 

 times supplying leed for sheep in the winter— (Pall.) : observed by Gmelin ii. pi. 5 > alon<r the Volo-a 

 (Pers.) ; by Pallas trav. i. 367 and 770, abounding in arid subsaline soil on theYaik, exceedingly 

 fragrant, and its bitterness not unpleasant. ° 



