5 88 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Hemerocallis flava of the Uralian plains. Called on the Upper Obi " tepaia-trava," and from 

 early times made into small mats by the peasants and Tartars to place under saddles, — observed 

 by Pallas iii. 391 on the Upper Obi, becoming frequent towards the Yenisei. Westward, is known 

 to occur seemingly wild on the plains of Hungary and as far as Switzerland (Pers.) ; is termed 

 "lilium non bulbosum " by Dodoens 204 (Spreng.) ; and has become a well known garden flower 

 (Linn., and Jacq. hort. pi. 137). By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where 

 it continues in gardens. 



"570 B. C." (Percev. i. 143 to 269, and Badger edit. Varthem. 32), Abraha, having failed to 

 divert the pilgrimage to his church at Sana, and the building having been defiled by a native of 

 Mecca, at the head of an army invading Mecca; riding on an elephant, an animal never before seen 

 there. The Abyssinians were defeated, — and about five years later, with the aid of Persian forces 

 arriving by sea, were expelled from Yemen. 



"572 A. D." (ann. Jap., transl. Tits.), Kin-mei succeeded by his son Bin-dats, now thirty-first 

 dairo of Japan. 



'•573 A. D. (= 1 1 16th year after Gaudama's death," Mason ii. 21), at the mouths of the Ira- 

 waddy in Burmah, founding of the city and state of Pegu. 



"574 A. D." (Shan annals, Richardson, and Mason iv. 72), on the upper Meinan, the city of 

 Labong founded by the Siamese or Shans. The Karen tribes at this time entering Burmah.* 



* Dipierocarpus .... sp. of the mountains of Burmah. Called by the Karens " ka-nyeen-phu " 

 lard tree from the consistence of its oil (Mason) ; known from early times, — and according to Mason 

 v. 528 to 757 growing on mountains in the Interior. 



Agyneia iinpubes of the Siamese countries. A curious-flowered Euphorbiaceous herb called 

 in Burmah " hta-hmen-ksoke-gyee " (Mason); and from early times, its roots used medicinally by 

 the Karens : — described by Buchanan (Steud ) ; observed in Burmah by Mason v. 503 ; and known 

 to grow as far as China (Linn., and Pers.). 



Syndesmis Tavoyana of Burmah. A Terebinthoid tree called in Burmah "khyae" (Mason); 

 its wood from early times made into handsome furniture, by steeping in ferruginous mud rendered 

 jet black like ebony, — as the cylinder knobs one or two inches in diameter worn in the ears of Karen 

 women at Tavoy: observed by Wallich,. and Mason v. 514 to 540. The valuable dye-wood called in 

 commerce Mcrgui red-wood, is regarded by Mason as probably identical. 



Erythrina toung-ka-theet of Burmah. A fine-looking Leguminous tree called " toung-ka-theet " 

 (Mason); and from early times, selected by the Karens in preference to all others on which to train 

 their betel vines : — observed by Mafon v. 523 to 531 not uncommon in the Interior, affording "red- 

 dish " timber. The wood of two species of Erythrina was found by McClelland to furnish the char- 

 coal .for making gunpowder ; and according to Mason, ''a very tolerable " gunpowder is made by the 

 tribes in Northeastern Toungoo, substituting for sulphur "juice of the orange, lime, and some other 

 fruits," which " it is said increases its inflammability.'' 



Dalbergia theet-hsouk-yo of Burmah. A Leguminous tree termed egg trie by the Karens (Mason) ; 

 its hard fine-grained wood known from early times, — "much used for chisel handles :" observed by 

 Mason v. 530 common in the forests. 



Paratropia digitata of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. A small Araliaceous digitate-leaved 

 tree called in Malabar " unjala," in Hindustanee "dain" (Drur.), in Burmah " ba-loo-let-wa " 

 '(Mason); and from early times, an infusion of the leaves used for many internal diseases bv the 

 Karens : — observed by Mason v. 503 indigenous in liurmah. Westward, by Roxburgh, and Wight, 

 on the Circars and Courtallum hills ; by Rheede vii pi. 2$, in Malabar, but by Graham in a "garden '' 

 at Pombay : according to Drury, "a valuable oil is procured from sections in the trunk.'' 



Marsden a tinttona of Silhet and Burmah. An Asclepiaceous plant, from early times known to 

 the Karens, — cultivated by them " and sometimes the Burmese " as affording " quite a good " indigo- 

 blue dye j observed by Masmi v. 510 indigenous in Burmah. Westward, by Roxburgh, and Wight, 

 indigenous in Silhet, and cultivated in Northern Hindustan for its "superior indigo" (Drur.). 



Crawfurdia ? sp. of the mountains of Burmah. A small herb having the taste and properties of 

 Gentian ; and from early times, used in decoction in fevers by the Karens : — frequent according to 

 Mason v. 494 "on the mountains of Toungoo." 



Gmelina sp. of Burmah. A Verbenaceous tree, apparently called "yamamee" (Mason); and 

 from early times, its light white wood made into canoes by the Karens in some districts, and by the 

 Burmese into clogs : — observed by Mason v. 526 in the forests. 



Laurus {Sassafras) ka-rwae of Burmah. A very large tree called " ka-rwae," and by the Karens 

 from its fragrance lice galanga (Mason); known from early times : —according to Mason v. ^42, 

 scattered sparsely throughout Tenasserim. 



Piper ribesioides of Burmah. A kind of wild betel called " tau-kwon " (Mason) ; and from early 



