592 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 596 A. D." (Clint, iv. p. 829), end of the reign of Childebert II., king of the French. 



"At this time" (Cockayne iii. p. 450) Bercta, daughter of Chariberht king of the Franks, already 

 married to yEthelbryht king of Kent on condition that she have liberty to celebrate Christian worship. 



"597 A. D." (Blair), Augustinus with "forty monks" sent by Gregorius Magnus, to Britain, to 

 revive Christianity. Landing at Thanet, he held an interview with ^Ethelbryht king of Kent; per- 

 formed service in an old church of Roman times called Berctas ; obtained leave to build and restore 

 churches ; and recovered an old Roman church for the cathedral at Canterbury (Beda h. e. i. 33, and 

 Cockayne iii. 450). 



As early perhaps as this year, Valmiki writing the Ramayana, regarded as probably the oldest 

 work in secular Braminical literature (Wils., and Royle antiq. hind. med. 48). Vrihaspati, Agastya, 

 Kasyapa, Bhrigu, and the priest Vasistha, are mentioned. 



Sethia ludica of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A small Erythroxyloid tree called in Telinga 

 "adevi gerenta," in Tamil "semmanatty " or " tevadarum," on the Deccan "dewadar" (Drur.) ; in 

 which we recognize the " deva-daroo '' of Valmiki ram. i. 12,' — and the " dibdair " described by Ebn 

 Baitar as an Indian herb: S. Indica is termed " erythroxylon monogynum " by Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 

 SS ; was observed by him, Wight, and Drury, from Malabar and Travancore to the Circars ; the 

 young leaves and tender shoots according to Ainslie mixed with gingely-oil and applied as a liniment, 

 and the bark occasionally administered in infusion ; the wood excellent and fragrant, substituted 

 in Mysore for sandal-wood (Madr. exh. rep.). Farther East, was observed by Mason indigenous in 

 Burmah. 



(Pers.) ; and from the beginning of the present century has been found along the banks of the Missis- 

 sippi (A. Dec). Transported to Europe, is described by Dillenius pi. 156. 



Hydrangea paniculata of Japan. Called there " nori-no-ki," and ''the gummy infusion of " its 

 root used in making paper — (Jap. c. c. S5) : H. paniculata was observed and described by Siebold. 



* Dillcnia spccw ,a of Tropical Asia, from Hindustan throughout the Malayan archipelago. A 

 large and beautiful tree called in Tamil " uva-maram," in Telinga " uva-chitta," in Malabar " syalita," 

 in Bengalee "chalita" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " moota kurmul " (Graham), and affording 

 sustenance to man in its fruit and thick fleshy calyx-leaflets : the '' shleshmatuka" of Valmiki ram. i. 

 12 — is referred here by Carey and Marshman : D. speciosa was observed by Nimmo in "the South- 

 ern Concan ; " by Rheede iii. pi. 38, in Malabar ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Assam and 

 Chittagong ; by Mc Clelland, in Pegu ; by Thunberg, on Java ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, called 

 in Tagalo "catmon," the acid juice of the fruit serving among the natives for vinegar; and "D. 

 elliptica" regarded as not distinct, was observed by Rumphius ii. pi. 45 on Celebes and Amboyna 

 (Pers.). 



iXyuiphaa edulis of Eastern Hindustan. White-flowered with entire leaves, and called in 

 Telinga " koteka," in Bengalee " chhota-sundhi" (Drur.) ; and from early times, its tubers eaten and 

 employed medicinally, its capsule and seeds also eaten ; and the while-flowered lotus having an edible 

 root according to Valmiki iii. 76, — may be compared: N. edulis was observed by Roxburgh, and 

 Wight, from the Circars to Bengal (Drur.). 



Crata-va religiosa of Tropical Eastern Asia ? A small tree called in Sanscrit " varana " or 

 "varuna" or "tapia" or " tikta-shaka," in Bengalee " tikto-shak," in Tamil "narv.ila" (J. F. Wats.) 

 or "mavilinghum," in Telinga " maredoo," in Hindustanee " birmi " or •' tapia " (Drur.), in the envi- 

 rons of Bombay "varvunna" (Graham), in Burmah " ka-dat " (Mason), in Ylocano " balai namoc " 

 (Blanco); in which we recognize the " tapie " flowers of Valmiki iii. 79— (transl. Gorr.), and the 

 "varuna" or "tikta" prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 3S to chik. 16, mentioned also by Harivansa 126: 

 C. religiosa was observed by Rheede iii. pi. 42 in Malabar; by Graham, "generally to be met with 

 about temples and Muselmen tombs ; " by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Mysore and 

 Eastern Hindustan, sometimes employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.) ; by Mason, " exotic " in 

 Burmah ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, called "tapia" around Santa Cruz in the Ilocos district, but 

 known besides to the natives ; by Forster prodr , on the Society Islands, planted near the abodes of 

 the dead, the same as in India (Graham). 



Flacourtia cataphracta of Tropical Hindustan. A thorny tree called in Bengalee " paniyala," in 

 Hindustanee " talisputrie," in Telinga and Malabar " talishaputrie " (Drur.), in Tamil " thalisapu'the- 

 ree," in Sanscrit "talisha" or " vidara" (J. F. Wats.) ; in which we recognize " talisi " on the moun- 

 tains mentioned by Valmiki iv. 44— (transl. Gorr.), and the "talisa" or "vidara" prescribed by 

 Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 17 : F. cataphracta was observed by Rheede v. pi. 38 in Malabar; by Rox- 

 burgh, and Ainslie, as far as the Warree country, Behar, Assam and Nepal, the fruit edible, the 

 leaves and young shoots bitter and astringent, and employed medicinally (Drur.). 



lUeiaipcrmitm suberifolium of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit " mucha-koonda " 

 (Picld.), in the environs of Bombay "muchucunda" (Graham) : flowering " pterospermi " are men- 



