OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 593 



W,rightia antidysenterica of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. Its bark is called in commerce 

 conessi, its imported seeds in Arabic " lissamul asafir," in Persian " ahir," and the living shrub in 

 Sanscrit " cheeree " or " kutaja," in Tamil " veppalei," in Telinga "pala codija " or " manoopala " 



tioned by Valmiki ram. iii. 76 to 79 — (transl. Gorr.), and the " muchucunda " is prescribed by Susrutas 



chik. 18: P. suberifolium was observed by Nimmo in "the Concans," its flowers fragrant. 



Shorca tumbugaia of Southern Hindustan. A large Dipterocarpous tree called in Malabar 



" tembagum," in Tamil " tumbugai " (Drur.) ; and from early times, its valuable timber used in 



house-building: possibly the " shoree " distinguished from the "sale" by Valmiki v. 54 — (transl. 



Gorr.) : S. tumbugaia was observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, in the " Palghaut forests, 



Cuddapah, North Arcot," a dammer exuding from the trunk (Drur.). 



Xanthochymus pictorius of Western Hindustan. A Calophylloid tree called in Telinga "iwara- 



memadee," in Hindustanee " dampel " (Drur.) ; and " xanthocymi " are mentioned by Valmiki ram. 



iii. 79 — (transl. Gorresio) : X. pictorius according to Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. 196, Wight, and Drury, 



grows in the Concan, its yellow orange-like fruit eaten, and before ripening yielding a gamboge-like 



resinous gum that " makes a pretty good water-colour." 



Dalbergia frondosa of Western Hindustan. A pinnate-leaved tree thirty feet high, its,bark and 



leaves from early times employed medicinally, and an oil obtained from its seeds : possibly included 



in the "dalbergie " trees of Ceylon mentioned by Valmiki v. 16 — (transl. Gorr.) : D. frondosa was 



observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from Travancore to Courtallum. 



Pueraria tuberosa of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah., A woody Leguminous climber called in 

 Telinga "daree" or "goomodee" (Lindl.); and the "hedysaro " enumerated among woody plants by 

 Valmiki vi. 96 — (transl. Gorr.), may be compared: P. tuberosa was observed by Kaempfer pi. 25, 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, in Hindustan, its roots made by the natives into cataplasms to reduce swell- 

 ings in the joints (Drur.) ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, having the habit of Desmodium but "run- 

 ning over high trees ; " by Mc Clelland, in Burmah, its root esculent and termed by him Batraj yam 

 (Mason v. 465). 



Bauhinia racemosa of Tropical Hindustan. A small crooked tree with rigid branches called 

 in Bengalee "bun-raj," in Telinga "arree" (Drur.); and from early times, the bark of its green 

 branches made into ropes : the " bauhinie " is mentioned by Valmiki iv. 29 — (transl. Gorr.) : B. 

 racemosa was observed by Graham "common on the Ghauts and hilly parts of the Concan" from 

 beyond Bombay ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Mysore and Bengal, its thick bark used by 

 matchlock-men for their matches, which as prepared burn "long and slowly" (Drur.). 



Bauhuiia Vahlii of Tropical Hindustan. An immense woody climber, its branches one hundred 

 to three hundred feet long running over the highest trees, called in Telinga " adda," in Hindustanee 

 "mahwal" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "chambaour" or "chamboolee" (Graham) ; and 

 from early times, its large leaves a foot in diameter sold for dishes, its seeds eaten, and ropes made 

 from its bark : included perhaps in the " bauhinie " of Valmiki iv. 29 : — B. Vahlii was observed by 

 Graham .on " the Tull ghaut" and in "ravines at Kandalla" near Bombay ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, 

 in mountainous districts of the Circars and Bengal, its ropes occasionally used for suspension bridges 

 over the Himalayan mountain-torrents (Royle, and Drur.). 



Barringtonia racemosa of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A Gustavioid 

 tree having large flowers in pendulous racemes and called in Tagalo " potat " (Blanco), in Tamil 

 "samutra-pullum," in Malabar " samudra-poo " or " sam-stravadi " (Drur.) ; from early times, its 

 slightly bitter root prescribed by Hindu physicians : " barringtonie " are mentioned among flowering 

 tre*es by Valmiki iii. 79— (transl. Gorr.) : B. racemosa was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 6 in Malabar ; 

 by Graham, and Nimmo, in " the Concans '' as far as Bombay ; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, 

 as far as Coromandel, the root " not unpleasant," and considered by the natives "aperient, deobstru- 

 ent, and cooling" (Lindl., and Drur ) ; was observed by Blanco frequent in places inundated by the 

 sea' or by fresh water on the Philippines ; the " white-flowered " species called " kyai-gyee," observed 

 by Mason in Burmah, may also be compared. 



Barringtonia acutangula of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A large tree called 

 in Telinga " karpa," in Malabar " sjeria-samstravadi " (Drur.), in Burmah "kyai-tha" (Mason); and 

 perhaps included in the "barringtonie " of Valmik. iii. 79 :~ the " nichula " of Susrutas chik. 16 to 

 19 is referred here by Hessler : B. acutangula was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 7 >n Malabar; by Gib- 

 son, Law, and Graham, " thinly scattered throughout the Ataveesy," but around Bombay " in gar- 

 dens ■ " by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Travancore and Bengal, its root and seeds employed 

 medicinally (Powell punj., and Drur.), and according to M'Clelland its wood is hard and of a fine 

 grain and equivalent to mahogany ; was observed by Mason indigenous in Burmah. 



Ixora bandhuka of Tropical Hindustan. A spreading shrub called in Sanscrit "bandhuka or 



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