OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 595 



terica was observed by Rheede i. pi. 47 in Malabar ; by Graham, " very common on the Ghauts and 

 hilly parts of the Concan ; " by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight pi. 439, in other parts of the peninsula 

 as far as Chittagong, its seeds highly valued by the natives in dysenteric affections (Drur. 245); by 



fruit eaten, its tough wood used for carriage-poles, and strong ropes made from its bark : included 

 perhaps in the '' cordie " trees of Ceylon by Valmiki v. 17 — (transl. Gorr.) : C. angustifolia was 

 observed by Gibson, and Graham, at Bombay and " about villages in the Deccan and Guzerat '; " by 

 Buchanan, in Mysore. 



Cordia Macleodii of the Godavery forests. A tree called in Telinga " botka,'' in the Jubbulpoor 

 forests " deyngan" (Drur.) ; and its very beautiful wood known from early times : included perhaps 

 in the "cordie" trees of Ceylon by Valmiki v. 17 — (transl. Gorr.) : C. Macleodii according to Bed- 

 dome, and Drury, " is abundant in the forests near Mahadeopur but does not extend to the Circars," 

 is " supposed " to be the " Hemigymnia Macleodii " of Griffith. 



Vitex altissima of the mountains of Ceylon and Southern Hindustan. A large ternate-leaved 

 tree, its timber valued from early times : "vitici" are mentioned among flowering trees by Valmiki 

 iii. 79 — (transl. Gorr.) : V. altissima was observed by Roxburgh, and Drury, "somewhat common 

 in subalpine forests ; " was received by the younger Linnaeus from Ceylon ; and apparently the same 

 species was seen by Graham in the Bombay district, in a ravine near Nagotnah. 



Vitex alata of Western Hindustan. A small ternate-leaved tree called in Malabar " maileloa " 

 (Rheede) ; and from early times, its timber valued : included perhaps in the " vitici " of Valmiki iii. 

 79: — V. alata was observed by Rheede v. pi. 1 in Malabar; by Law, at Duddi in the Southern 

 Mahratta country, and by Graham on hills near Bombay ; by Rottler, Roxburgh, and Drury, as far 

 as Tranquebar. 



Myristica Malabarica of Western Hindustan. A species of wild nutmeg tree called in Malabar 

 "panampalea" (Rheede), its fruit hardly aromatic, but an oil obtained from it from early times 

 applied medicinally : " myristiche " are mentioned among the trees of Hindustan by Valmiki v. 74 — 

 (transl. Gorr.): M. Malabarica observed by Rheede iv. pi. 5 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in " S. 

 Concan" (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by Waring pharm. ind., and Drury, in the forests of 

 Travancore. 



Amaranthus frumentaceus of Southern Hindustan. Called in Tamil " poong-kirai " (Drur.); 

 and from early times, cultivated for the flour of its seeds as an article of diet; and possibly the " ama- 

 ranti" of Valmiki iii. 79 — (transl. Gorr) : A. frumentaceus was observed by Buchanan, Roxburgh, 

 and Wight, from Mysore to the Coimbatore district, where it is extensively cultivated (Drur.). 



Curcuma aromatica of Hindustan. Called by English residents wild turmeric, in Hindustanee 

 "junglee-huldee," in Bengalee "bun-huldee" (Drur), in the environs of Bombay "bun-huldi" or 

 "apavisha" or "vishabs" or "nirbishi" or "ca-nirvisha" (Graham); and "wild turmeric" is enu- 

 merated by Carey and Marshman among the ten drugs in the " survoushudhee " of Valmiki ii. 1 : — 

 C. aromatica was observed by Graham " in moist shady places throughout the Concans," its roots 

 "sold in the bazars and used as a perfume ; " by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in the Travancore 

 .forests and from Malabar to Bengal. 



Sauharum spontaneum of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A reed called in Hindustanee 

 "kagara," in Bengalee " kash," in Telinga " relloogaddy " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay 

 "kerpa" (Graham), in Burmah "thek-kay-gyee " (Mason); and seems the species pointed out to 

 W. Jones as. res. iv., in a clump of which according to the Puranas the Hindu god of war was born : 

 the "kasha" is mentioned by Valmiki ram. ii. 24 — S. spontaneum was observed by Rheede xii. pi. 

 46 in Malabar ; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, " ten or twelve feet " high, having " a very 

 graceful appearance with its large feather-like panicle ; " by Roxburgh, in Bengal, the bright silvery 

 wool around the base of the flowers making " a most conspicuous and gaudy appearance," its leaves 

 eaten by buffaloes, used also for mats and for thatching houses (Drur.). Farther East, is very abun- 

 dant alono- the banks of the Irrawady forming "a striking object in the landscape" (Roxb.) ; was 

 observed also by Mason v. 524 in Burmah, one of the two grasses employed in the Interior for 

 thatching native dwellings. (See S. sara). 



Arundo (Ttichoon) karka of Tropical Hindustan. A reed called in Sanscnt dhumuna or 

 " nuda " or " nula " or " potugula," in Hindustanee " nal " or " nul " (J F. Wats ), in Bengalee " nar 

 nul " in Telinga " naga sara " or " maitantos " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " null " (Graham) : 

 mentioned by Valmiki v. 74 -(transl. Gorr.) ; the " d'hamana " or " nada » or " nala " or " potagala," 

 by SusAtas sutr. 29 to chik. 35 i and the third Gangetic monarch of Orissa measured his kingdom 

 with "nal" reeds (Hunt, oriss. i. 318) : A. karka was observed by Royle in Scinde, the stems made 

 into chairs, and flower-stalks beaten to fibres called "moonyah " used for strings and ropes ; by Gra- 

 ham, on "the banks of rivers and tanks" in the environs of Bombay; by Retz obs. iv. 21, and 

 Roxburgh as far as Bengal, the common "durma" mats at Calcutta made of the split stems (Drur.) 



