OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 599 



In this year (= " 5th year of Heraclius and 4th year of Sisibut," Isid.), in Spain, the Jews bap- 

 tized by order of the Gothic king Sisibut. The latest event mentioned in the Chronicle of Isidorus 

 Hispalensis, — who died "April" 4th, 636" (Sm. b. d.). 



Alchemilla arvensis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A small annual called in 

 Britain breakstone or parsley-breakstone from being administered against calculus, or parsley-piert, 

 in France " percepierre " (Coles, and Prior); and the S&.XI f R AGk of Isidorus breaking up stone 

 in the bladder — (Braunsw. transl. Ort. San.), may be compared: the "percepier" was seen by 

 Lobel n. stirp. 324 near Bristol in England : A. arvensis is termed "a. montana minima" by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 508 ; is known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 973, and 

 Pers.) ; and was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus 

 to Constantinople. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, observed by 

 myself naturalized in the Delaware peninsula, by Chapman in "waste places North Carolina and 

 Virginia." 



Cneorum tricoccon of the West Mediterranean countries. The CITOCkTIkof Isidorus xvii. 

 9. 65, — and Hildegarde ii. 141, is referred here by Dodoens p. 363: C. tricoccon is described also 

 by Matthioli p. 871 ; and is known to grow in Italy, Southern France, Barbary, and Spain (Lam. ill. 

 pi. 27, Pers., and Spreng.). 



Utriatlaria vulgaris of Northern climates. Called in Britain bladder-wort (Prior) : the 

 Typhus heRbk inflating itself out of the water, of Isidorus xvii. 9. 101, — may be compared : 

 U. vulgaris is described by Lobel pi. 791 (Spreng.); is termed "millefolium aquaticum lenticulatum" 

 by C. Bauhin pin. 141 ; was observed by Gussone in Sicily, by Savi in Italy, by Brotero in Portugal, 

 and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Britain and Ireland (Pers., and Engl. bot. 

 pi. 253). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus ; and is known to grow in mid- 

 dle Asia (A. Dec). Farther East, was observed by Drummond at Cumberland House Lat. 54 in 

 central North America ; by E. James, along the Platte (Torr.) ; by Nuttall, along the Arkansas ; 

 and is known to grow throughout our Atlantic States as far as North Carolina (Pursh, A. Gray, and 

 Chapm.). . 



"About November" (Percev. i. 388), by advice of Mohammed, sixteen of his partisans, "twelve 

 men and four women," to avoid persecution escaping to Abyssinia. They were soon joined by others, 

 making in all "eighty-three men and eighteen women ; '' and the Abyssinian king, on hearing extracts 

 from the Koran, protected the refugees and refused to deliver them up to the Coraysh envoys. 



"616 A. D. (= 12th year ' tai-nie ' of Yang-ti," Remus.), Tchin-la or Cambodia beginning to send 

 tribute and ambassadors to China. 



" In this year" (Theophan., and Clint.), Egypt once more invaded by the Persians. Who cap- 

 turing Alexandria and establishing themselves there, — held possession of the country ten years. 



About this time (Sharpe), arrival in Alexandria of the Syrian bishop Thomas, to correct the 

 Syriac version of the New Testament made a century before by Philoxenus. He compared the 

 gospels with three Greek manuscripts in the monastery of St. Anthony : and his corrected Edition, 

 is the last effort in sacred criticism attempted at Alexandria or in any part of the East. 



"Black ambergris'''' of "the purest fragrance" is mentioned by a poet — quoted in the Arab 

 romance of Antar (Hamilton's vers. i.). The "ambar" of Haly Abbas, Temimi, Avicenna, Sera- 

 pion, Symeon Sethus, Edrisi, and Ebn Baitar, is referred by F. Adams to ambergris : and according 

 to Marco Polo 189 to 192, "labalenne fait l'anbre," abounding at "Scotra," some islands between 

 there and Hindustan, also at "Zanghibar," and " Madeigascar." The perfume is further noticed by 

 Paludanus ; is known to be chiefly brought from the shores of the Indian Ocean ; and according to 

 Beale and others, is derived from the' sperm whale, Physeter. 



"617 A. D. (=r 13th year tai-nie," Remus, mel. i. 77), ambassadors bearing tribute sent from 

 Cambodia to China. They were received with honour by Yang-ti. 



" In this year " (Blair), refusal of peace by Chosroes II. of Persia; unless Heraclius "would 

 abandon Christianity and adore the sun." 



"The same year" (Nicol.), at Rome, Deodatus succeeded by Bonifacius the fifth, fourth arch- 

 bishop. 



"The same year" (Cockayne iii. p. 449), ./Ethelbryht succeeded as king of Kent by his son 

 Eadbald. — Who followed the ancient custom of marrying his father's second wife: but on being 

 converted by Laurentius, abandoned the connexion (Bed. ii. 6). 



" In this year = 'y-ning,' 1st year of Koung-ti II., of the Soui " or Fourteenth dynasty (Chinese 

 chron. table) : the last ruler of the Soui dynasty. 



" Under the Soui dynasty and in the time of Dagobert king of the Franks " (Humb. cosm. iv.), 

 Chinese maps of the country between the Yellow river and Caspian, on which the Kuen-lun and 

 Thian-shan mountain-chains are delineated (but according to the Biograph. univers., Dagobert began 

 to reign "in 622"). 



