OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 6oi 



"kaji" (Brous sonetia kaji-no-ki, S.) "but seldom used now;" the "gampi Wickstroemia canescens 

 Meisn., or Passerina gampi, S. and Z.) " yielding "a fibre of particular beauty and fineness, used 

 mostly for the best writing and printing paper ; " the " mitsumata (Edgeworthia papyrifera, S. and Z.); " 

 the "karasz-sugi, a kind of Crypto meria;" "a sort of wild cherry (Pseudo-cerasus) ;" the " kawa- 

 yanagi (Salix Japonicd) ; " the "hanzi (Lespedeza cyrtobotria, Miq.) ; " and the "niga-ki (Picrasma 

 ailanthoides, Planch.); the bark of all these trees and shrubs" used — (Jap center,, comm. 84). 



"630 A. D." (Theophan., Cedren., Zonar., and Clint.), Heraclius at Hierapolis, conferring with 

 Athanasjus the Jacobite patriarch. 



"631, Apr. 9th (= 219 years of the Naci = 73 series of 3 years," Percev. i. 413), commencement 

 of the 10th year of the Hejra, in which the Naci Era was abolished by Mohammed. 



"632 A. D." (R. H. Major in soc. Hakl., and Gildem. p. 43), three years after leaving home, 

 the Chinese traveller Hiouen-thsang entering Guzerat ; where Dhruvasena or Dhruvabhatta was 

 reigning, the successor of Sridharasena II. — and predecessor of Sridharasena III. He returned 

 to China in "645" after an absence of "seventeen years" in the Western countries, principally in 

 Hindustan. 



Smilax china of China, Corea, and Japan. Called in commerce china-root (Lindl.), in Japan 

 " sankira" or "bakats" or usually "kuakuara" (Thunb.) ; and the "fo-Iing" known to Hiouen-Thsang 

 10* — is referred here by Stanislas Julien : S. china was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in 

 Japan, growing about Papenberg and Kosido, and employed medicinally ; is known to grow also in 

 Corea (chin, geogr. transl. Klapr.) ; and in " wild places in China among fern and brambles," its root 

 eaten by the Chinese as invigorating (Lindl.). Westward, the imported root first became known in 

 Europe "in 1535" (C. Bauhin pin. ) ; is mentioned by Vesalius, Amatus Lusitanus, Garcias, Mo- 

 nardes, and Linschoten ; continues to be sold in the drug-shops of Europe (Lindl.) ; and was observed 

 by Alpinus, and Forskal mat. med., employed medicinally in Egypt: 



"June 8th " (Abulf., and Clint.), death of Mohammed. He was succeeded on the same day by 

 Abubekr; and the proposed expedition into Syria was delayed a month. 



Nageia Arabica of the mountains of Yemen. Called there "katam," in which we recognize the 

 "katam " employed with henne" for staining himself by Abubekr — (Desverg. arab.) : the " katam " is 

 mentioned also by Abu Hanifa, Gafeki, and Ebn Baitar ; and N. Arabica was observed on the moun- 

 tains of Yemen by Forskal p. 159. 



"June 16th" (Blair, and Clint. Hi. p. 368 and iv. p. 240), Era of Yazdejerd, "3624 days after the 

 Hejira ; " commemorating the accession of Yazdejerd III. as Persian king. 



"633, Aug. 12th " (letter of Khaled to Abubekr, and Clint.), battle at Ajnadin in Syria, gained by 

 the Muslims under Khaled. 



One hundred and forty-eighth generation. May 1st, 634, onward mostly beyond youth : the 

 Jewish writer, Abu Hafsa Jezid of Yemen: the Greek mathematician Stephanus ; the ecclesiastical 

 writers Maximus Confessor, and Eligius ; the poet and historian Georgius Pisides (Blair) ; the Greek 

 writer Theophilus Protospatharius ; Hadrianus bishop in Scotland ; Esaias the abbot ; Dado or 

 Audoenus. 



"Aug. 23d" (Blair, and Clint.), Damascus captured by the Muslims, and on the same day, death 

 of Abu-bekr. He was succeeded as khalif by Omar ; who is supposed (Wilkinson theb. and eg. 

 P- 533) t° have used the Persian Sasanid dies for his coins, adding his own name. 



635 A. D. = "9th year of the ' tching-kouan ' of Tai-tsoung" (inscript. at Si-ngan-fou, Pauth. 

 297, and Yule cath.), Christianity brought into China by a Nestorian named O-lo-pen — (compare 

 Ulpianus). The sacred books were translated into Chinese ; and a decree in favour of the new 

 religion obtained from Tai-tsoung three years later is preserved in the same Inscription. 



"November" (Clint.), in Syria, Hems or Emesa besieged by the Muslims under Abu Obeidah, 

 and a truce granted to Heraclius for a year. 



"In this (= 14 A. H. comm. Feb. 24th) or the following year " (Gildem. p. 36), Basra on the 

 Euphrates near its entrance into the Persian Gulf, founded by khalif Omar. 



* Smilax lancecefolia of the Eastern frontier of Bengal. Called in Hindustanee " gootea-shook- 

 china" (Lindl.) ; and probably the species seen by Hiouen-Thsang, — for the root according to Rox- 

 burgh is not to be distinguished from china-root, and is much used by the natives, the juice of the 

 fresh tuber taken inwardly and the refuse applied externally in rheumatism (Lindl., and Drur.). 



Smilax glabra of Sylhet and the Garrow country on the frontier of Bengal. Called in Hindus- 

 tanee " hurina " or " hurina-shook-china " (Lindl.) ; and possibly also seen by Hiouen-Thsang: — its 

 root according to Roxburgh is not to be distinguished by the eye from china-root, and at the present 

 day is used in decoction by the natives of Sylhet and the Garrow country in sores and venereal com- 

 plaints (Lindl., and Drur.). 



76 



