OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 609 



"The same year" (Alst., and Nicol.), a synod at Pharein England. On the mode of observing Easter, 

 shaving among the clergy, and other Catholic ceremonies as yet unknown to the English and Scotch. 



" In this year (= 44 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph.), first appearance of the Mahometans in India, 

 proceeding from Merv Cabul, where they made "twelve thousand" converts. A detachment under 

 Mohalib penetrated as far as Multan, and brought back prisoners. 



"666 A. D." (Alst.), order of the archbishop of Rome, Vitalianus, for the use of the Latin language 

 in church services. 



One hundred and forty-ninth generation. Sept. 1st, 667, onward mostly beyond youth : Khaled 

 ben-Yezid : Anastasius of Nice; the poet Aegidius ; the theologians, Caesarius abbas Lirinensis 

 (Alst.), Kilianus of Scotland, Julianus of Toledo: the Welsh bard Myrdhyn or "enchanter Merlin" 

 (Thierry in Pouchet). 



"The same year" (Clavig. ii.), accession of Chalchiutlanetzin, first Toltec king of Mexico. 



Eugenia pimento, of the West Indies and neighbouring warm portion of Mexico. Known to grow 

 in the Vera Cruz district, and the use of its product, ftimenlo or allspice, introduced by the Toltecs * — 



Ion," in Pampango " bavebave " (Blanco), in Anam " cay tlun " or " su cuon tu," in China " xi kiun 

 tsu" (Lour.), and from early times its nuts employed as a vermifuge : — observed by Loureiro 336 

 along hedges and the banks of rivers in Anam and near Canton in China ; also by James Reed near 

 Canton, and specimens shown me ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, its fruit eaten by boys ; by Rum- 

 phius v. pi. 38, on the Moluccas, its seeds long in repute as anthelmintic (Drur.). Westward, by 

 Mason 421, " exotic " in Burmah, cultivated for its " sweet-scented flowers " that change "from white 

 to rose, and with the clouds at sunset, deepen into the richest crimson ;" by N. L. Burmann pi. 35, 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, in the gardens of Hindustan ; by Graham, " common in Bombay gardens, but 

 no where wild." By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it is called 

 " liane vermifuge " (Drur.). 



Jxora coccinea of Anam and Tropical China. A flowering shrub called in Burmah " pan-sa-yeik " 

 (Mason), in Anam "boung tlang do" (Lour.), in China " kan-long-fa " (Osb.), and doubtless from 

 early times familiarly known : — observed by Osbeck "everywhere on hills " around Canton ; by Lou- 

 reiro 95, in shrubby places in Anam; by Blanco, on the Philippines, planted for ornament by the 

 natives around their dwellings ; is termed "flamma sUvarum" by Rumphius vi. pi. 47. Westward, 

 was observed by Mason v. 415 to 786 "exotic" in Burmah, cultivated for ornament; by Burmann 

 pi. 57, on Ceylon ; by Rheede ii. pi. 12, in Malabar ; by Wight, in peninsular Hindustan ; by Graham, 

 only "in gardens about Bombay," but found by Law seemingly "wild " in the Southern Mahratta 

 country. Transported to Europe and North America, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 59, and has 

 become frequent in greenhouses. 



Clerodcndrum squamatum of Tropical China. Known there from early times ; — and observed 

 by Kaempfer pi. 58 in Japan (Pers , and Steud.). Westward, was observed by Mason v. 413 to 793 

 "exotic " in Burmah, cultivated for ornament, also to all appearance "naturalized." Transported to 

 Europe, is described by Vahl, and Jacquin rar. iii. pi. 300. 



Amaranthus Iris/is of Tropical Eastern Asia. An esculent herb from early times known in 



China (Pers.). Westward, was observed by Mason v. 779 " exotic " in Burmah ; is termed " blitum 



indicum secundum " by Rumphius v. pi. 82 ; was observed by Roxburgh in Hindustan ; by Graham, 

 in the environs of Bombay, "cultivated in almost every garden," but he gives no native name. By 

 European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, and to the West Indies (Moq„ and A. Dec). 



Aponogeton monoslachyum of Tropical Eastern Asia. An aquatic plant called in Hindustanee 

 "ghechoo,"in Malabar "parua-kalanga," in Tamil "kotee-kalangoo," in Telinga "nama " (Drur.) ; 

 and from early times known in China : —observed there and in Anam by Loureiro i. 173. Westward, 

 by Voight, along the Irrawaddy in Burmah (Mason v. 474); by Ainslie, and Roxburgh, in Hindustan, 

 its tuberous roots eaten by the natives and nearly as good as potatoes; by Rheede xi. pi. 15, in 

 Malabar; by Nimmo, and Graham, "margins of tanks" in the Concans as far as Bombay. 



Gracila'ria tenax of the China Seas. A somewhat gelatinous, slippery, filiform, dichotomous 

 fucus, from early times used very extensively by the Chinese for the same purposes as glue or gum 

 arabic'— (Turner fuc. pi. 125, Agdh , Lindl., and Mason v. 508). 



* Eugenia acris of the West Indies. — The -Mid clove is a small tree " supposed to have been 

 confounded with E. pimenta, in whose aromatic qualities it altogether participates " (Lindl.) ; is known 

 to grow on Antigua, Barbados, and Jamaica (Jacq. obs., Swartz fl. ii. 909, and Pers.), and according 

 to Lunan its berries and sweetly aromatic leaves are used for culinary purposes. By European colo- 

 nists was carried "from America" to Hindustan, observed by Graham at Bombay, in gardens not 

 common and called "lung ; " by Wight, and Drury, at Courtallum, Travancore, and Madras, its timber 

 hard and heavy. Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 1 55 f. 3, and is distinguished 

 as " caryophyllus racemosus " by Miller (Steud.). 



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