OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 613 



" In this year (= 10th year of the Gothic king Ricisvintus " of the addit. to chron. Isidor., see 

 Clint, v. p. 399), Ildefonsus appointed bishop of Toledo. 



" September" (Alst., and Sm. b. d.), Constantinus IV. succeeded by Justinianus II., nineteenth 

 Byzantine emperor. 



Arculf visiting Jerusalem, found on the site of the temple a square Muslim house of prayer; of 

 beams and planks erected in a rough manner upon some remains of old ruins : while at Damascus, a 

 large mosque had been built by the Muslims (said to be a Christian church on the foundations of a 

 Roman temple to Juno, Leps. eg. and sin. p. 343). Proceeding to Egypt, Arculf speaks of Alex- 

 andria as a very large city, in a manner the emporium of the whole world ; the pharos being a large 

 tower lighted up at night with torches, lest mariners might mistake their way and be dashed against 

 the rocks in seeking the entrance to the harbour. Arculf also visited Constantinople, and the church 

 of St. Sophia there, of which he gives a detailed description (T. Wright early trav. in Palest.). 



"687 A. D." (Alst.), at Rome, Joannes the fifth succeeded by Conon, eighteenth archbishop. 



"The same year" (ann. Jap. transl., and art de verif.), Tenmu succeeded by his widow and 

 niece Dsito or Si-to, now forty-first dairo of Japan. — Under her reign, sakki or rice-beer was first 

 brewed. 



"688 A. D." (Alst.), at Rome, Conon succeeded by Sergius, nineteenth archbishop. 



"692 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod convened in Britain by king Ina. " For the union of the Britons 

 with the Saxons." 



About this time (quart, rev 1870), the " Psalms " translated into Anglo-Saxon by Guthlac or 

 Gurthlake, the first Saxon anchorite. 



"693, May 2d" (Nicol.), in a synod at Toledo, the book of " Gothic law, or the code of Alaric," 

 confirmed. 



"694 A. D." (Nicol ), in a synod at Beaconsfield in England, promise of Vitred king of Kent, 

 " to preserve the liberties and immunities of the churches and monasteries." 



"695 A. D." (Elph. iv. 1), Manik Rai, eighth Hindu king of Ajmir, reigning. 



"In this year" (Sm. b. d.), revolt at Constantinople and Justinianus II. dethroned, his nose cut 

 off but his life spared by Leontius. — Nine years later "in 704," he recovered his authority. 



"697 A. D." (= 1357th of Synmu," art de verif.), Dsito succeeded by Monmu, grandson of 

 Tenmu, and now "forty-second" dairo of Japan. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), a synod at Berkhampsted, the king and clergy being present. 

 Twenty-eight canons were made, awarding temporal as well as spiritual punishment. 



Manuscripts of the "Seventh or Eighth century" (De Wailly pi. iv. 4) presenting the following 

 form of the letter P. 



"698 A. D." = " 79th year of the Hejra," inscribed on a coin issued by Abd-el-Melek, and 

 figured by Marcel p. 34. By some writers, this is regarded as the earliest Muslim coin : but 

 according to Marcel, copper only had been coined by the Muslims until the reign of Abd-el-Melek; 

 who first coined silver, to the exclusion of Greek and Persian money. 



Owing to the persecutions of khalif Abd-el-Melek, Hashimid Arabs emigrated to Ceylon, and 

 found a refuge there in eight different cities * — (trans. Asiat. i. 538, and Gildem. p. 53). 



" From this year " in Britain, Eadfrith bishop of Lindisfarne — twenty-three years. A piece 

 of ornamental writing by Eadfrith, continues extant in the Durham book (Cockayne anglo-sax. ii. 

 p. xxi). 



"698 or 700 A. D." (Gildemeist. 6, and Wilson note to Vishnu purana iv. 24), the Muslims 

 engaged in hostilities against Ratbal or Ratibal prince of Cabul ; — the Hindu Ratanpal or Ratnapal. 



" At the end of the Seventh century " (Pouchet. moyen age), Iceland discovered. — In " 795 " 

 (according to Dicuilus) some Irish devotees retired into this island. Relics of hermits, as "books 

 and staffs," were found by the first Scandinavian visitors (see Rafn). 



One hundred and fiftieth generation. Jan. 1st, 701, onward mostly beyond youth: Marcellinus 

 presbyter, Andreas of Crete ; Anthelmus, Bonifacius or Venofridus of Mayence, the monk Othmarus. 



'• 702 A. D." (Alst.), at Rome, Sergius succeeded by Joannes the sixth, twentieth archbishop. 



" 704 A. D." (Beda, and Cockayne iii. p. 452), accession of Offa as king of Essex. 



* TaberncEinontana dichotoma of Ceylon and Southern Hindustan. Regarded as the forbidden 

 fruit by the natives of Ceylon ; who allege the fragrance of the flower, and that the beautiful tempt- 

 in^ fruit changed from delicious to poisonous on the occasion of the transgression, and continues 

 to bear the marks of Eve's teeth — (geogr. plant, lond. tract soc). A small tree called " titul " or 

 "doodee-ka-jhar" in the environs of Bombay, is regarded by Graham as probably identical, growing 

 on the Parr Ghaut and the hills'at Jooner, the flowers white and fragrant, and a decoction of the leaves 

 found by Twemlow " used for curing sores on cattle ; " described also by Roxburgh ii. p. 21. 



