6 14 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



The same year (= "8th year of Monmu," art de verif.), a coat of arms, toiaps, assigned by 

 Monmu to each province of Japan. 



705 A. D. (= "9th year of Monmu," art de verif.), a square wooden measure called " sio " and 

 " maas," sent as a standard by Monmu to the different provinces throughout Japan. 



"The same year = ' chin-loung,' the real commencement of the reign of Tchoung-tsoung," on 

 the death of his mother Wou-heou — (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 306). 



''The same year" (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Joannes the sixth succeeded by Joannes the 

 seventh, twenty-first archbishop. 



"The same year" (art. de verif.), Abd-el-Melek succeeded by Walid, sixth Ommiad khalif. 

 Coins were issued by Walid (see Marcel 34) : and during his reign, the mosque El-Djame el-Atyk 

 commenced (near the present city of Cairo). 



The "man" of Chuz or Alkanzi, — Maserjawia, Hobaisch, Ebn Masah, Rhazes, and Ebn Baitar, 

 is referred by Ehrenberg, and Royle (Kitt. cycl. bibl.) to the manna produced by Coccus mauniparus ; 

 an insect chiefly or altogether confined to the Sinai Peninsula, and feeding on Tamarix Gallica : the 

 substance is also described by Seetzen, as seen by him on the spot. 



Convolvulus (Ipomoea) turpcilium of Tropical shores, from Hindustan throughout the East 

 Indies and islands of the Pacific to the Taheitian Group. The " turbud " of Chuz, — Ebn Masawia, 

 Maserjawia, Hobaisch, Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Mesue, Avicenna, Serapion, and Ebn Baitar, is referred 

 by writers to this plant, and its imported product: the medicinal use in Egypt of "turbetum from 

 India" or (urbith is mentioned by Alpinus, and Forskal mat. med. ; and I. turpethum is termed 

 "turpethum repens fol. althaeae vel indicum " by C. Bauhin pin. 149. Eastward from. Egypt, the 

 "torbit" of "Melibar" is mentioned by Marco Polo 1S3 ; and I. turpethum is called in Bengalee 

 " teoree " or " dood-kulmi," in Telinga " tellatagada ; " was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh, 

 and Wight ; by Graham, and Gibson, growing from Goozerat to beyond Bombay in the Concans or 

 low country, and " the bark of the roots " used " by native doctors as a cathartic ; " was observed on 

 Ceylon by Hermann cat. lugd. 178. Farther East, was o! 'Served by Mason in Burmah ; is known to 

 grow throughout the East Indies as far as Timor and the neighbouring portion of Australia, also on 

 the Marianne, Tongan, and Taheitian Islands (Lindl.) ; and was observed by myself throughout the 

 Tropical Polynesian groups, from the Feejee Islands to Metia. 



Lablab vulgaris of Tropical Eastern Asia. Called in Egypt "leblab,"in which we recognize 

 the "lebleb" of Alkanzi, — Ebn Masawia, Ebn Amran, Haly Abbas, Elgafaki, Serapion, and Ebn 

 Baitar: L. vulgaris was observed by Alpinus pi. 75, Forskal, Delile, and Clot-Bev, in the gardens 

 of Egypt, cultivated to form arbours, and in Nubia called " ougoudky.' - Eastward, has a Sanscrit 

 name (Roxb., Pidd., and A. Dec.) ; was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh, Wight, Drury, and 

 according to Graham, is called " saim ka puttee " and " several varieties " are " commonly cultivated : " 

 is enumerated by Mason v. p. 466 among esculents, " exotic " in Burmah, called " pai," and " several 

 varieties of one or two species " cultivated by the Karens and Burmese. Farther East, an unobtrusive 

 white flowered variety was observed by myself aboriginally introduced around dwellings on the Fee- 

 jeean Islands, and on the Hawaiian Islands decidedly naturalized. By European colonists, the orna- 

 mental purple-flowered variety was carried to the Hawaiian Islands ; also to Northeast America, 

 where it continues to be cultivated in gardens. 



Rhododendron lepidotuin of the Himalaya mountains. The "thalisfar" of Elmadschusi, — 

 Honain, Elhuri, Ebn Amran, Ebn Joljol, Avicenna, Elgafaki, and Ebn Baitar, is referred by Royle 

 to the imported leaves, described as "highly aromatic." The living shrub was observed by him on 

 the Iiimalaya mountains. 



"In or about 706 A. D." (quart, rev. for 1870), the "Psalter" translated into Anglo-Saxon by 

 Aldhelm or Ealdhelm, bishop of Sherborn, and "among the first of the Saxon ecclesiastics who was 

 distinguished for learning." 



" 708 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), in Japan, and Monmu succeeded as dairo by Genonei or 

 Ghenmio, daughter of the " thirty-ninth " emperor Tent-sii. In the first year of her reign, Genonei 

 coined gold and silver money : — but the latter was prohibited in the following year. 



"In this year" (Humb.atl.pict.), and "in the reign of Ixtlicuechahuac," second Toltec king 

 of Mexico, the Teo-amoxtli containing the history, mythology, laws, and the remarkable and singu° 

 larly exact calendar of the Mexicans, composed by the astrologer Huematzin. (The accession°of 

 Ixtlicuechahuac is placed "667 -f cycle of 52 yrs " = u years later by Clavigero ii). 



The tuikiy, Meleagris gallipavo, domesticated in Central America as early possibly as this date. 

 The bird was brought, perhaps by the way of Mexico from Northeast America ; where it is indige- 

 nous, — but in no instance on record has been tamed by the aboriginal tribes. Honduras was first 

 visited by Europeans in 1502, when " hens of that country which are better than ours " were brought 

 by the natives to Columbus (F. Columb. 90 ; or in the words of Gomara) "gallipauos que son mejores 

 que pauos y gallinas." In New Spain, according to Oviedo nat. hyst. 37, there are " otros pauos 



