OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 615 



mayores y mijores de sabor y mas hermosas," many of which birds have been imported into the 

 islands and into Spain. Some years later, the turkey became generally known in Europe ; and after 

 the visit of Alpinus, was introduced into Egypt, where one of its names " Maltese fowl" indicates the 

 route of transmission. 



The musk duck, Anas moschata, domesticated in Central America as early possibly as this date : 

 — " geese like ours " were observed by Columbus in 1493 in the houses of the natives on Guadalupe ; 

 and were afterwards met with in Honduras (F. Columb. 47 and 90). A. moschata is known to occur 

 in the wild state in Guayana (Schomburgk edit. Ralegh), and I have seen specimens from Surinam. 

 As transported to Europe, the domesticated bird is figured by Belon, and has since become well 

 known ; its presence in Egypt, may be inferred from a remark of Clot-Bey. The bird is kept with 

 other poultry in our Middle and Southern States, straying in some instances and reverting to 

 secondary wildness. By European colonists also, the bird was carried to the Hawaiian Islands. 



Lycofiersicum esculentum of Central America or the neighbouring portion of South America. 

 The tomato was called " tomatl " and sown among maize by the ancient Mexicans — (Humb. iv. 9). 

 Transported to Europe, is described by Gesner, termed " tumatle americanorum " by Guil '.ndinus, 

 "mala peruviana" by Eyst. (Bauhin hist. iii. 621) ; is also described by Anguillara, Lobel, and 

 Camerarius ; was observed by Chaubard under cultivation in Greece; by Delile, and Clot-Bey, 

 abundantly cultivated in Egypt and called "bydingan toumaten." Also by Europeans was carried 

 Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it has become a favourite with the natives 

 and is called in Tagalo " tomates " or " camatis " (Blanco); to the neighbouring islands, called by 

 the Malays "tomatte" (Rumph. v. 416) ; to Anam (Loureir.) ; to Burmah, called there "kha-yan- 

 myae-phung" (Mason); to Hindustan, observed there by Roxburgh, by Nimmo thriving luxuriantly 

 at Surat, by Gibson, and Graham, naturalized "in many parts of the Deccan," and called "wall 

 wangee ; " to the Mauritius Islands (A. Dec). In Northern climates, its cultivation is increasing 

 in importance, was introduced into Barbadoes only in the middle of the Eighteenth century (Hughes 

 148), was unknown within my memory in Eastern New England, but I found it extended in 1841 to 

 the Kooskoosky mission-station in Oregon. 



"The same year" (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Joannes the seventh succeeded by Sisinnius 

 or Zosimus ; and before the close of the year, by Constantinus, twenty-third archbishop. 



"709 A. D. About this time" (Blair), the " Laws of the Saxons " published by Ina king of Wessex. 



"The same year" (Beda, and Cockayne iii. 452), Offa having abandoned his wife and country 

 to become a monk in Rome, succeeded as king of Essex by Selred. 



710 A. D. (= "3d year of Genonei," art de verif.), in Japan, building of the temple of Koobo- 

 kusi, to contain the idol of Xaco, made of gold and bronze by the celebrated sculptor Taisoquan. 



" The same year = 'king-yan,' 1st year of Joui-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty — 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



" The same year " (art de verif.), by permission of khalif Walid, entrance of the Muslims into 

 Spain. — After three years (Blair), they obtained possession. 



" The same year " (Alst.), a synod at London. Confirming the use of image-symbols and the 

 celibacy of the priesthood. 



"711 A. D." (Biogr. Univ.), accession of Dagobert II., king of the Franks. 



"In this year" (Alst.j, Justinian II. succeeded by Philippicus, twentieth Byzantine emperor. 



" In this year (= 4th of Ghen-mio," ann. Jap. transl. Tits.), Foudo-no Yasou maro (Tai Ngan 

 ma liu) publishing the Ko-si-ki or history of Japan, from the earliest times down to " 597 A. D." 



"In this year (= 92 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph.), Second Muslim invasion of Hindustan. Leaving 

 Shiraz, Mohammed Casim with "six thousand" men reached Dewal or Dival, the seaport of Sind 

 (near or within the delta of the Indus), captured the temple and town and circumcised the bramins. 

 Next proceeding to the head of the delta and up the Indus, he defeated the Hindu king Dahir, and 

 obtained possession of his capital Alor (near Bakkar on the Indus) and of all Sind. 



" 713 A. D. = ' kai-youan,' 1st year of Ming-hoang-ti " or Hiouan-tsoung, of the Thang or Fif- 

 teenth dynasty (Chinese chron. table). Arrival in this year (Gaubil, and Pauth. 311) of an embassy 

 from the king of Kia-che-mi-lo (Cashmere), a country inimical to Thibet, surrounded by very high 

 mountains, and not easily invaded : from king Chin-tho-lo-pi-li, in Sanscrit Chandrapida, for aid 

 against the Arabs (Gildemeist. 13, and Wilson note to Vishnu purana iv. 24). 



"The same )ear" (Alst.), Philippicus succeeded by Anastasius II., twenty-first Byzantine 

 emperor. 



" In this year (= 6th of Ghen-mio," ann. Jap. transl. Tits.), the Foo-to-ki (Fung-thou-ki) com- 

 pleted, containing a description of all the provinces, cities, mountains, plants, birds, and quadrupeds 

 of Japan. 



"714 A. D. (=96 A. H. comm. Sept. 15th," Ebn Khallikan, and Gildem. 12), expedition of 

 the Muslim general Kutaiba ben Muslim against Kasligar; and a treaty made with Chinese legates, 

 the first ever sent to the Arabs. 



