OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 617 



Mimusops elcn^i of Tropical Hindustan. An ornamental tree called in Sanscrit "bakula" or 

 "vukoola" (J. F. Wats.), in Bengalee "bukul," in Hindustanee "mulsari," in Malabar "elengee," in 

 Telinga '•poghada," in Tamil "maghadam" (Drur.), in Mahratta "bugool" or ''buckoolee," in the 

 environs of Bombay "vowlee" (Graham); in which we recognize the "bakula" flowers of Bhavabhuti 

 mal. ii , — Jayadeva, and the " vakula " tree and flowers of Kalidasa ragh. viii. 63 to ix. 33, Susrutas, 

 and the Avadana purna : M. elengi was observed by Rheede i. pi. 20 in Malabar ; by Graham, "in 

 gardens Bombay," and "wild in the ravines at Kandalla," the " Mussulmen had the good taste to 

 plant it round their mausoleums ; " by Roxburgh, wild only " on the mountains of the Rajahmundry 



" soimida," in Tamil " shem-marum " or " woond-marum " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " rouen " 

 or "ruhim" (Graham) ; in which we recognize the " rohin " of Bhavabhuti mal. 9, against whose hol- 

 low trunk an elephant is leaning : — S. febrlfuga was observed by Gibson, Auld, and Nimmo, "in con- 

 siderable abundance in various parts of Goozerat, also in the Adjunta jungles," at " the Sindwah 

 ghaut," and the " Jowar jungles " (Graham) ; by Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 17, and Wight, in other parts of 

 the peninsula, its wood remarkably hard and heavy, greatly used by the natives for wood-work in their 

 temples (Drur.). The bark according to Duncan, Ainslie, and others, is a good tonic in intermittent 

 fevers (Lindl ). 



Da'bergia Oujeincnsis of Eastern Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit "tinisha" (Pidd.) ; and 

 the " tinisa" of Bhavabhuti mal. 9, — prescribed medicinally by Susrutas chik. 19 to kalp. 7, is referred 

 here by Hessler ■ B. Oujeinensis was observed by Roxburgh, Wight pi. 391, and Beddome, from the 

 Godavery forests and Nagpore to Oude and Dheyra Dhoon, its timber useful and valuable, employed 

 for making furniture and for house-building, and a kino extracted from the bark (Drur.). 



Pcntaptera arjuna of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called in Sanscrit "arjuna" (J. F. Wats.), in 

 Bengalee "arjoon," in Hindustanee "cahua" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "arjuna" or "urjoon 

 sadra" (Graham) ; in which we recognize the "arjuna" of Bhavabhuti 9, — Kalidasa ragh. xvi. 51, 

 and Susrutas : P. arjuna was observed by Law " common in the jungles to the southeast of Surat," 

 and Gibson found its bark " in great repute among the natives as a tonic internally, and a vulnerary 

 applied externally " (Graham) ; was observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Powell, as far as the Punjaub 

 and Bengal (Drur.). A species possessing similar medicinal properties and possibly not distinct, is 

 known to grow in Burmah (.Mason v. 533). 



Jasminum auricula/urn of Tropical Hindustan ? A shrub called in Sanscrit "yoothika" (Pidd.), 

 in the environs of Bombay "jai" (Graham); in which we recognize the "yuthika" of Bhavabhuti 

 nia l. 9, — and Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 8 and 17: J. auriculatum from the gardens of the Hindus of 

 Malabar is described by Vahl symb. iii. 1 ; was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay, "in 

 gardens scarce ; " by Roxburgh, and others, as far as Bengal. 



Convolvulus (Argyreia) cuneata of Tropical Hindustan. A shrub, twining when near support 

 (Graham) ; and the cloud spreading over the peak of the mountain, dark as the "tapincha" blossom 

 when full grown and opening at top, mentioned by Bhavabhuti rmh. 5, — may be compared: A. cune- 

 ata was observed by Graham " common in the Mawul districts above the Ghauts," the flowers "pretty 

 large" and "exceedingly beautiful," of a "deep bright purple colour;" by Roxburgh, in other parts 

 of Hindustan. Transported to Europe, is termed " iporrfea atrosanguinea " in the Botanical magazine 

 pi. 2170. 



Salix letraspenna of Hindustan. The Indian willow is a small elegant looking tree (Graham) ; 

 and willows overhanging Godaveri river are mentioned in Bagabhuti uttar. 2— (transl. H. H. Wils.) : 

 S. tetrasperma was observed by Law, and Graham, in "the vale of the Yena and other moist places, 

 Mahableshwur," and " various parts of the Southern Mahratta country ; " by Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 97, 

 and Wight, as far as the Khasia hills and Oude (Drur.) 



Gloriosa superba of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A gaudy and beautiful climber called in 

 Malabar " mendoni," in Tamil " caateejan," in Hindustanee " cariari " (Drur.), in the environs of Bom- 

 bay "karianag" or " indoii " or "kalawee" or "buchnag" (Graham), in Hindustanee "ulatchandul" 

 (J F. Wats.£ in Burmah " hsee-mee-touk " (Mason) ; and the lily winding on its slender stalk, men- 

 tioned by Bhavabhuti — (transl. H. H. Wils.), may be compared : G. superba was observed by 

 Rheede vii. pi. 57 in Malabar; by Murray, and Graham, "common in Guzerat and Concans, Maha- 

 bleshwur," springing up "only during the rains," its root tuberous ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, 

 as far as Travancore and Bengal, its root said by the natives to possess nearly the same properties as 

 that ot 4conitum firox and hence termed "wild aconite," applied in paste to the hands and feet in diffi- 

 cult parturition, and a salt procured from it by repeated washing and grinding; by Mason, indigenous 

 in Burmah Westward, was observed by Bojer on Mombas island, near the African coast; but by 

 European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.). As transported to Europe, is described 

 by Hermann lugd. pi. 689 Plukenet aim. pi. 116, and Darwin loves of plants. 



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