618 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



district ; " by him, and Wight, planted in other parts of Hindustan as far as Bengal and Silhet, its 

 fruit edible, seeds yielding oil, and an odoriferous water distilled by the natives from the flowers ; by 

 Mason, "exotic" in Burmah, its "small delicate sweet-scented blossoms " strung by maidens for gar- 

 lands. Westward, its dried fruit has been found in ancient tombs in Egypt (Champoll.-Fig. 157). 

 By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it continues in gardens (Boj.). 



"722 A. D." (T. Wright early trav. Palest.)- on reaching Palestine, Willebald found the inhab- 

 itants of Cyprus "not in arms, for there was great peace and friendship between the Greeks and " 

 Muslims. A lion was seen by him on the farthest border of Samaria ; illustrating the description in 

 Jerem. xlix. 19, and 1. 44. 



" As early as this year " (according to the chronicle, Talvi iii. 1), a clerk or writer employed by 

 Libussa, traditionary princess of Bohemia. Bohemian poems are extant that seem earlier than the 

 conversion to Christianity. 



"The same year" (Pauth. 315), by a census in China, the number of persons found to be 

 "45.431,265 ; not'including princes, nobles, mandarins, persons attached to their service, the army, 

 literati, bonzes, nor slaves." 



Ilhcium anisatum of Southwestern China. The fruit used as a spice in cookery by the Chinese 

 as early probably as this date : — the living shrub seen and described by Loureiro p. 353 ; the whole 

 plant, especially the fruit having a pleasant aromatic flavour of anise (Lindl.). Westward, the fruit 

 brought from China and called •' habb eloud," was found by Rouyer in the drug-shops of Egypt : 

 farther West, the imported fruit is described by Gartner i. pi. 69 ; and according to Lindley, is called 

 star anise, "by distillation yields an oil which has most of the properties of oil of anise, for which it 

 is often substituted ; it is chiefly used in the fabrication of liqueurs." * 



" Under the Thang dynasty " (topog. Cant., and Pauth. 473), a regular market opened at Canton, 

 attended by an officer to receive the tax or duties belonging to government. 



"723 A. D. (= 1st of the nengo ten-pe-foo-zi = cyclique kiatzu," inscript., and Klapr.). the city 

 of Ta-ka-seki in Oziou, opposite to the island of Yeso. founded by O-no-no Assa-yemi, general in 

 charge of the forts. 



" 724 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Gensioo succeeded by her nephew Sioomu, now forty- 

 fifth dairo of Japan. 



" In this year" (Jap. centen. comm. 60 to 90), the potter's wheel introduced into Japan by the 

 priest Giyoki ; and " samples of earthenware made at that time " are extant. Giyoki proposed the 

 erection of a colossal bronze statue of Budha : and the plan was carried out by Shomu. 



"The same year = 12th year of the 'kai-youan' of Ming-hoang-ti " (Chinese chron. table), begin- 

 ning of the Fiftv-seventh cycle. 



"During the khai-youan of Youan-tsoung or Ming-houng-ti (= 713 to 741," Rem. mel. iii. S5), 

 Cambodia divided into two States, the Northern mountainous portion, and the Southern lowland. 



'• The same \ ear " (T. Wright), by Yezid II. " instigated by the Jews,'' an edict issued " at the 

 end of his reign" against the paintings in Christian churches within his dominions. The measure 

 led to the re-commencement of hostilities between the Greeks and Muslims. 



" Before the close of the year" (art de verif.), Yezid II. succeeded by Hescham, tenth Ommiad 

 khalif. Coins issued by Hescham, are figured by Marcel p. 38. 



"726 A. D." (Sm. b. d ), edict by Leo III. Isaurus abolishing image-symbols in Christian wor- 

 ship. — Followed by the refusal of Rome and Western Europe to acknowledge any longer the author- 

 ity of the Byzantine emperors, in taxes or otherwise. 



Rtimex scutatus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy "acetosa romana" 

 or "tonda" (Lenz) ; and the TTeTpOAarTaSOU whose root is prescribed in the treatise Euporist. 

 ii. 47 — (Spreng.), may be compared: R. scutatus was observed by D'Urville on the island of Milo 

 (Bory). Westward, is described bv Miller (Steud.) ; is known to grow wild in Switzerland "inter 

 acervos lapidum " (Pers.) and as far North as Hesse Lat. 51° in Germany (Koch, and A. Dec.) ; 

 occurs also "on walls" in Holland and the neighbouring portion of France (fl. Bat., and Breb.), and 

 naturalized in Britain (Wats.) ; was once cultivated as far North as Sweden (Fries). 



" 727 A. D." (Blair), the tax called '• Peter pence," instituted by Ina king of Wessex ; to sup- 

 port a college in Rome. 



"730 A. D." (Sm. b. d.), the revolt at Constantinople quelled bv Leo III. Isaurus, who deposed 

 and banished the patriarch Germanus, and appointed in his place the iconoclast Anastasius. In the 

 course of the disturbances, the library of "thirty-six thousand" volumes in the church of St. Sophia 

 was destroyed by fire. 



* Ihicium reHgiosum of China and Japan. Called " skimi " in Japan, and chiefly employed as a 

 perfume by the priests of Japan and China — (Kaempf., Siebold, and Lindl.). 



