OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 619 



The nlQrOQemmeUS of Britain, described by Beda hist, eccles. i. 1 as when rubbed 

 detaining light substances like amber, also inflammable, — is doubtless jet. 



The milSCuLke of Britain, described by Beda as of various colours, reddish, purple, violet, 

 greenish, but especially white, sometimes containing pearls, — are clearly fresh-water mussels, Unio 

 margaritaceus. 



The &. u C & for cooking hanging against the wall, mentioned by Beda vit. Cuthb. 36, — may be 

 compared with the great auk, Alca impennis. This bird formerly frequent along the Northern shores 

 of the Atlantic from Denmark to Newfoundland and Massachusetts Bay on the American side, is at 

 the present day nearly extinct. 



"73'> June roth " (Bed. hist. eccl. v. 23), end of the chronicle of Beda ; who (according to his 

 own statement) was now "fifty-nine " years old. — He died in " 735 " (chron. contin. anon., Smith, 

 and Pouchet). 



" In this year " (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Gregorius the younger succeeded by Gregorius the 

 third, twenty-fifth archbishop. 



"732 A. D." (art de verif.), the Muslims after overrunning a large portion of France, as far as 

 the Loire, finally defeated at Tours by Charles Martel. Soon afterwards, they were compelled to 

 retire into Spain. 



One hundred and fifty-first generation. May 1st, 734, onward mostly beyond youth : the Chi- 

 nese poets Thou-fou, and Li-tai-pe : the Arab writers, the traveller and botanist Abu Saher, Madain 

 (dead 768, Gildem.), Ebn El-Ala the grammarian (Lane diet.) : Isidorus Pacensis, Clemens Antisio- 

 dorensis, Joannes Mailrosius, the monk Antonius Melissa, Fredegaire (Blair) ; Joannes Damascenus 

 who first composed a system of Divinity from the Greek fathers (Blair), Cosmas of Jerusalem, Joannes 

 patriarch of Jerusalem ; Rupertus bishop of Worms. 



" In this year " (Sm. b. d.), unsuccessful attempt by Leo III. Isaurus to recover his authority at 

 Ravenna. His expedition failed, and the city was captured by Lombards. Leo now detached lllyria, 

 Greece, and Macedonia from the spiritual authority of Rome to that of the patriarchs of Constanti- 

 nople, completing the separation of the Greek and Latin churches. 



"736 A. D." (Mason ii. 21), in Burmah, Pungnareka anointed king of Pegu. He governed in 

 accordance with the divine law, studied the Budhist scriptures, and attended constantly with his 

 queens, concubines, and courtiers on the preaching of learned teachers and holy priests. 



"741 A. D." (Alst), Leo III. Isaurus succeeded by Constantinus VI. Copronymus, twenty- 

 fourth Byzantine emperor. 



" 742 A. D." (Alst.), at Rome, Gregorius the third succeeded by Zacharias, twenty-sixth arch- 

 bishop. 



" The same year " (Alst., and Nicol.), the first synod dated by the Christian era : a computation 

 now beginning to be used in history. 



"743 A. D." (art de verif.), Hescham succeeded by Walid II., eleventh Ommiad khalif. 



"In this year" (Jap. centen. comm. 90), commencement of a second bronze statue of Budha 

 "about fifty feet in height." — The statue has been " greatly damaged by an earthquake " and by 

 fire, but " still exists in Nara." 



"744 A. D." (art de verif.), Walid II. succeeded by Yezid III. ; shortly afterwards, by Ibrahim ; 

 and before the close of the year, by Merwan II., fourteenth Ommiad khalif. 



"In this year " (Gildem. p. 1 1), Bukhara captured by the Muslims. — Held by them six years. 



"745 A. D." (Mar Gabriel, Wisscher, and Coq.-Montbret in rec. voy. et mem. 33), the number 

 of Christians in Southern Hindustan having been reduced to '' sixty-four " families, a large accession 

 from Jerusalem and the Euphrates sent out by the patriarch of Babylon under the charge of a mer- 

 chant named Thomas. The new colonists of both sexes and all ages obtained permission of the king 

 of Cranganor to settle there, and built several churches, their houses numbering " four hundred and 

 seventy-two." 



"In this year" (Pauth. auth. 79, and Yule cath. i. p. xcii), decree of the emperor Hiouan-tsoung 

 statino- That as the religion of the sacred books known as "Persian" (Christianity) originally came 

 from Tathsin (the Byzantine Empire), the name " Persian temples " should be changed to " Tathsin 



temples." 



"746 A. D." (Blair), pestilence desolating Europe and Asia. — It continued three years. 



"The same year" (Chron. and Cockayne iii. p 453), Selred king of Essex slain. 



" In this year (=802 Vicram.," Vansav., and Wilf. as. res. ix. 185), Narwaleh built by Vana-raja,. 

 now " fifty years " old and head of the last dynasty of balharas or kings of Guzerat : or according to 

 Elphinstone iv. 1, the Chauras dynasty of kings of Guzerat establishing their capital at Anhalwara, — 

 now called Pattan. 



"749 A. D. (in the seventh month of 1409th year of Synmu," art de verif.), Sioomu succeeded by 

 his daughter Kooken, now dairo of Japan. In the first year of her reign, gold, hitherto imported from 



