620 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Corea or China, discovered in the province of Osio in Japan (the event is placed two years earlier in 

 Jap. centen. coram. 96). 



"750 A. D." (art de verif.), Merwan II. succeeded by Abu'l Abbas, of the Abbas family and now 

 khalif. The seat of government was removed from Damascus to a town on the Euphrates : a change 

 accompanied with the loss of Spain, which became an independent Muslim kingdom. 



" In this year also (= 132 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), the Muslims expelled from Sind, — which 

 remained in the possession of the Hindus nearly "five hundred" years. 



Janah-bin-Abbada, appointed by Abu'l Abbas governor of Oman, building the mosque of Janah or 

 Jamah. He secretly countenanced the doctrines of the el-Ibadhiyah, — and this sect, taking the gov- 

 ernment into their own hands, established Julanda-bin-Mas'ud as the first rightful imam of Oman. 

 He was slain in battle after maintaining a successful opposition against Abu'l Abbas "two years and 

 one month." 



" About this year " (Steinsch. ii. 8), origin of the Karaite sect among the Jews, and Karaite litera- 

 ture commenced by Anan ben David. 



"751 A. D." (Alst., and Blair), through the influence of Zacharias archbishop of Rome, Chil- 

 deric III. of France forced into a monastery; and succeeded by Pepin son of Charles Martel. The 

 Merovingian or First French dynasty, giving place to the Carlovingian. In return, Pepin ceded the 

 Exarchate of Ravenna with other territory to the archbishop of Rome. 



Papyri of this date (= " 133 hej.," De Sacy chrest. ii. p. 531) written in a character nearly identical 

 with the Neskhi Arabic, have been discovered in Egypt. 



"753 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Zacharias succeeded by Stephanus the younger; and 

 before the close of the year, by Stephanus the third, twenty-eighth archbishop. 



"The same year" (Talvi iii. 1 ), the Czekhs or Bohemians under duke Nezamysl, "said to have 

 first distributed the lands in fee, and to have given to the whole community a constitutional form." 



"7^4 A. D." (art de verif.), Abu'l Abbas succeeded by El-Mansur, second Abbassid khalif. Coins 

 issued by El-Mansur, are figured by Marcel p. 44. 



" The same year " (Pauth. 315). by a census, the population of China found to consist of " 52.8S4,- 

 818 persons, not including princes, nobles, mandarins, nor those in their service, nor the military, 

 literati, bonzes, nor sltves."* 



" 755 A. D." (Remusat, and Pauth. 382), end of the Thoung-tian ; an encyclopedic statistical work 

 by the Chinese archaeologist Thou-yeou. 



" The same year " (Alst ) a synod at Constantinople (by some ranked as a general Council), con- 

 sisting of " three hundred and thirty-eight " bishops. The exclusion of images of saints from churches 

 was sanctioned. 



" 756 A. D. = 'tchi-te,' 1st year of Sou-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty (Chinese 

 chron. table). He continued to favour Christianity (inscript. Singanfu). 



Not later than this year (= 701 an. jav. -\- "20 years" of Nata Kasuma, Raffles x ), Kasuma 

 Wichitra succeeded by his son Ra '.en Aji Nirmala, fifth lineal descendant from Jaya Misana and now 

 king of Java. 



"In this year" (Sm. b. d.), the Lombard king Aistulph compelled by Pepin of France to cede 

 the city and district of Ravenna to the Roman archbishop Stephanus the third. The beginning of 

 the "temporal power" of the church of Rome. 



Humulus lupulus of Northern climates. Called in Britain hop, in Anglo-Saxon " lrvmele," in 

 mediaeval Latin "hupa," in German "hopfe," in Dutch " hoppen," in Tartar "kumalak,"in Hungarian 

 " comlo," in Slavonian " chmel," in Esthonian and Finnish " humala," in Swedish " humle," in Danish 

 "homle," and in French "houblon" (A. Dec, and Prior), and mentioned by king Pepin in a letter 

 of dotation, — and by Adelard (Beckm.) : H. lupulus is termed "lupulus mas et fcemina" by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 535, and is known to grow wild throughout middle Europe (Pers., and A. Dec). East- 

 ward, was observed by Belon, Forskal, and Sibthorp, in hedges around Constantinople and in Asia 

 Minor; and according to Clot-Bey, was introduced by Delile into Egypt; is known to grow wild 

 around Caucasus, throughout Siberia to the Aldan branch of the Lena and Lat. 62 (Gmel.) ; and was 

 seen by Thunberg on the mountains of Southern Japan, indigenous and nowhere cultivated. Farther 

 East, was observed by E. James along the Rocky Mountains at the head waters of the Arkansas ; 

 lower down along the Arkansas, and along the Mississippi and Missouri, by Nuttall ; at Lat. 49 on 



* Begonia sp. of China. The autumnal "hai-tang" from sea rocks, celebrated by poets under 

 the Thang dynasty, from its flowers having "two large and two small petals" — (Cibot in mem. Chin. iii. 

 p. 443), would seem to be a species of Begonia. The "hai-tang" is further described by Cibot as of 

 a fine red, fragrant, bearing peach-coloured flowers, and perennial in the South and more flourishing 

 than at Pekin ; not noticed by medical writers, but for the last two centuries planted in the grounds 

 around the palace. B. grandis was seen in Japan by Kasmpfer pi. 20. 



