622 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



kinds," "ubamegashi (Quercus phillyroides)," " nara (Qztercus crispula)," "chestnut tree" (Cas/a- 

 nea ....), "minebari (Alnus firma), alder" (Alnus ....), " midzume (Detula ulmifolia), 

 shirakanba (Betula alba)," "kurokaba (Rhamnece" ■■■■), "beech" {Fagus ....)> " keyaki 

 (P Itinera Japonica)," " mukuno-ki (CV/tfj aspera), yenoki (C«/ftJ Sinensis), harunire (Ulmus campes- 

 tris), yamagiri (Elaeococca cordata)," "box tree" (Buxus . . . ), " inu-tsuge (//«r crenata)," 

 "katsura (Cercidiphyllum Japonieum)," " nurude, (/Maj semialatd), utsugi (Deutzia seabra)," 

 " sumomo, (kind of plum tree), pear tree" (/>;-«.r ....), "kwarin (/Vrwy Chinensis)," "horse 

 chestnut " (Aesculus . . ), " mukurogi, (Sapiudus mukurosi), momiji, (. /«r polymorphttm)," 

 "shirakuchi (Actinidia arguta), kenponashi (Hovenia duleis)," " toneriko (Fraxinus longicusis)" 

 "chan-chin" (....). " sendan (J Mia Japonica)," " yego (5//rar .... )," "saru-suberi {Lagers 

 troemia . . )," " isu (Distylium racemosum)," " mayumi (Euonymus Sieboldianus)," " soro 

 (Carpinus sp. . . )," "aodako" (....), "shio-ji (Kaloponax ricin (folia)," " koyosan (Ca«- 

 ninghamia Sinensis), yamanashi " ( . . ), " midzuki (Cornus brachypoda)," "shirotsuga" 

 ( . . . ), "sogeki (Myrsine neriifolia)," "midsukusa" ( . . . ), " zumi (Pyrus sp." . . . ), 

 and " kuromoji (Lindera sericea)" — -were exhibited at our Centennial exposition (Jap. c. c. 30). 

 Also, wood of 



Camellia Japonica of Japan. A large and lofty tree called " tsubaki " (Jap c. c. 31), and known 

 from early times : — observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, abounding in the forest, frequent also in 

 gardens. Transported to Europe and North America is called Camelia, and has become a favourite 

 in greenhouses, where numerous and much admired variations have been produced in the flower. 



"771 A. D." (= 719 -j- cycle of 52 yrs., Clavig. ii.), accession of Huetzin, third Toltec king of 

 Mexico. 



Datura stramonium of Eastern Asia. The thomapple called in Mexico " tlapatl " (Hernand. 

 278), and known there from early times ; * — attributed to Mexico by Columna phytob. pi. 12: in 

 Northeast America is sometimes called* Jamestown-weed from being found by the first English 

 colonists on James river; is known to occur in waste places throughout our Atlantic States from 

 Florida to Canada; was observed by Nuttall along the Missouri to its source; by Sloane i. 159, in 

 the West Indies ; by Humboldt, near Caraccas (Kunth) ; by Martius, and myself, in Brazil ; bv C. 

 Gav, and myself, in Chili ; by myself, in Peru, and perhaps aboriginally introduced on the Hawaiian 

 Islands. Farther West, was observed by Thunberg near Nagasaki in Japan; is known to occur 

 in Tartary and Southern Siberia from the Altaian to the Talysch mountains (Gmel., and Georgi), 

 also in waste places along the Taurian mountains (Bieb.) ; is termed " tatula Turcorum " by Bauhin 

 hist. iii. 624, and at this time was regularly cultivated in Europe (Zannichelli 253), but soon became 

 a weed, as appears from Gerarde, Ray, and Zanoni ; is termed "stramonium" by Alpinus 42, 

 "stramonium fructu spinoso oblongo flore albo " by Tournefort inst. 119; was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, from Smyrna to the Peloponnesus, and called " tatoula ;" but in Italy accord- 

 ing to A. Decandolle "slramonio" or "strimonio." Clearly by European colonists, was carried to 

 Madeira (Lemann) ; and to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.). 



Datura ferox, — used in China by thieves to deprive their victims of the power of resistance 

 (Crau'f. ind. arch, i, and Graham), is regarded by A. Decandolle as possibly not distinct. 



'•772 A D." (Alst., Blair, and Nicol), at Rome, Stephanus IV. succeeded by Hadrianus, thirty- 

 first archbishop. 



"774 A. IV (Leo Marsic. i. 15, and Fabric, bibl.), the kingdom of the Longobardi or Lombards 

 overthrown by Charlemagne, and Paulus Diaconus, secretary to the last king Desiderius, taken pris- 

 oner. — After being exiled, Paulus Diaconus was received into favour and honoured by Charlemagne. 



"775 A. D." (Alst.), Constantinus VI. succeeded by his son Leo IV., twenty-fifth Byzantine 

 emperor. 



"The same year" (art de verif.), El-Mansur succeeded by El-Mahadi, third Abbassid khalif. 

 Coins issued by El-Mahadi, are figured by Marcel p. 45. 



776 A. D. = " 701 an. jav." (Nata Kasuma, and Raffles ix. and x.), the Javan poem of the Brata 

 Yudha or war of the Pandus composed by the Pandita Puseda, or " by order of Dewa Batata Guru." 



* Rhizophora mangle of muddy Tropical shores, in the Atlantic and throughout the islands of the 

 Pacific. A mangrove known from early times ;— observed byCatesbyii.pl. 63 in the Bahamas; 

 by Jacquin pi. 89 in the West Indies ; and known to grow from Lat. 29 (twenty miles below St. 

 Augustine according to N. A. Ware), and from the mouths of the Mississippi, throughout the islands 

 and along the shore of the continent as far as Brazil (Kunth, and Dec.) : also along the opposing 

 shore of Equatorial Africa (fl. Nigr. p. 341). Westward, is known to grow from *" Lat. 24 38' " 

 along the Pacific shore of America to the border of Peru (A. Dec.) ; also at the Galapagos Islands 

 (J. D. Hook.) ; was observed by myself at the Samoan, Tongan, and Feejeean islands* by Rich, 

 at the Tarawan coral-islands ; and is known to grow as far as the New Hebrides and New Caledonia 

 (End!.). 



