OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 623 



Bisura Champaca (son of king Raden Aji Nirmala and father of Ang'ling Derma) leaving Milawa 

 Pati proceeded to Mendang Kamulan possibly not earlier than this date. Mendang Kamulan became 

 the new seat of government, — and its ruins continue to be pointed out, consisting of "heaps of 

 stones and bricks" and "walls and excavations of an extensive tank" in an extensive forest in the 

 district of Wirasaba. 



"779 A. D. (= 14th year ta-li of Sou-tsoung," Remus, mel. iii. 86), Pho-mi viceroy of Cam- 

 bodia, accompanied by his wife, visiting the court of China. 



"780 A. D. = ' kien-tchoung,' 1st year of Te-tsoung, of the Thang " or Fifteenth dynasty 

 (Chinese chron. table). He continued to favour Christianity (inscript. Singanfu). 



At this time (= "980 — about two hundred years " of Velasco, Markh. edit. G. de la Vega ii. 

 347), the Caras tribe under the rule of a scyri dwelling on coast of the Pacific opposite Quito. 



"The same year" (Alst), Leo IV. succeeded by Constantinus VII., twenty-sixth Byzantine 

 emperor. Ruling jointly with his mother Irene, — the succeeding " ten " years. 



" 781 A. D." (= " 2d year Kienchung = 1092 of the Greeks "), date of the Singanfu inscription, 

 "Hanan Ishu'a" being Nestorian patriarch (news of his death "in 778" not having reached this 

 remote station). 



" 781 to 782 A. D." (De Wailly pi. iv. 10), a manuscript of this date, presenting the following 

 form of the letter $. 



" 782 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif ), Koonin succeeded by his son Kouan-mu, now fiftieth 

 dairo of Japan. 



''784 A. D. = 1st year of the 'hing-youan' of Te-tsoung" (Chinese chron. table), beginning 

 of the Fifty-eighth cycle. 



A Tibetan work on medicine, derived like the whole of Tibetan Literature from Sanscrit in the 

 Eightli century (Csoma de Koros, and Royle antiq. hind. med. 48). 



" The same year" (art de verif.), El-Mahadi succeeded by El-Hadi, fourth Abbassid khalif. 



" 786 A. D." (art de verif.), El-Hadi succeeded by Harun-el-Rashid, fifth Abbassid khalif. 

 Literature and science were protected and encouraged by Harun-el-Rashid; and his memory has 

 also been cherished for benevolent acts. Coins issued by him are figured by Marcel p. 48. 



A Sanscrit treatise on poisons translated into Persian by Manka, a Hindu at the court of Harun- 

 el-Rashid (Royle antiq. hind. med. p. 184). 



Sindbad after according to his own account visiting Kela (the river Calung in Malacca) where 

 were "mines of tin, plantations of sugar-cane and excellent camphor," sent on his seventh and last 

 voyage by Harun-el-Rashid as ambassador to Ceylon. 



Dryobalanops? camphora of the Equatorial portion of Sumatra and Borneo. A large tree 

 affording precious camphor; clearly the " excellent camphor " seen by Sindbad at Kela, — and 

 "excellent sort of camphor " from the island of Ramni seen by Ebn Wahab: precious camphor is 

 mentioned also by Ebn Amran, Edrisi, Abulfeda, and Bakui (see Spreng.) ; " canfara sold for its 

 weight in gold " was seen by Marco Polo 169 on Java ; and camphor, by Nicolo Conti on Sumatra : 

 D. camphora is known to be rare and confined to a narrow belt of territory along the Equator only 

 on Sumatra and Borneo (Houttuyn xxi pi. 8, Colebr. as. res. xii. pi. . . , and Jack comp. bot. mag. 

 i. 264) ; the drug according to Blume is procured from fissures in the bark and wood, also by incisions, 

 is much firmer than common camphor and is not volatilised by exposure to the air, does not find its 

 way to Europe, but is chiefly exported to China and Japan where it is highly valued for its stimulant 

 tonic properties (Lindl.). 



787 A. D. (= "6th year of Kouan-mu," art de verif., see also San-kokf transl. Klapr. p. 218), 

 Japan invaded by the Ainos, — who continued their ravages " nine " years until defeated by the 

 Japanese general Tamamar or Tamoura-maro near the city of Ta-ka-seki. Tamoura-maro now 

 pushed Northward, and extended the frontier beyond Oma and the districts of Nambou and Tsou- 

 gar; being the " Second " establishment of a boundary between the Ainos and Japanese. 



" Sept. 24th " (Nicol., see also Alst.), Seventh general ecclesiastical Council. Convened at 

 Nice. In favour of image-symbols, and the intercession of saints. — The authority of this and the 

 Six anterior general Councils, continues to be recognized by the Greek church (E. A. Soph.). 



Under the direction of Charlemagne, a volume written against image-symbols and errors of the 

 Romish church — (Alst. p. 370). 



Hardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.). Uru reigning in 

 Hindustan. 



"790 A. D." (Talvi i.). The Slavonian tribes subdued by Charlemagne, enumerated by his 

 secretary and annalist Eginhard as the Veletaba;, Sorabae, Obotrites, and Bohemians, all speaking 

 not the same, but very similar languages. 



Cariina vulgaris of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain carlim thistle, 

 in medieval Latin "Carolina" (Prior), and named after Charlemagne — (according to a legend in 



