OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 625 



cheddee," in Tamil " tirnoot-patchie," in Telinga " vepoodipatsa " (Drur.) ; was observed by Rheede 

 x. pi. 87 in Malabar, and called " soladi tirtava ; " by Graham, "in gardens " at Bombay, " used in 

 seasoning dishes ; " by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from Travancore to Oude and Bengal ; and 

 according to Ainslee, the pilose variety is employed to assuage the pains of childbirth. Farther East, 

 is enumerated by Mason as "exotic" in Burmah. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast 

 America, where it continues to be abundantly cultivated. 



"804 A. D." (mel. Remusat iii. 278), arrival in China of a Japanese ambassador accompanied 

 by Kobou-daisi. Who now made the acquaintance of Hindu priests, and obtained from them books 

 on religious subjects, especially one that had been translated from the Sanscrit. — Returning " in 

 806," and having invented the Dosia powder, Kobou-daisi contributed largely to the extension of 

 Budhism in Japan. 



"805 A. D. = ' young-tching,' 1st year of Chun-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty — ■ 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



One of the capitularia by Charlemagne respecting villas or country-seats is dated in this year 

 (Spreng. p. 223). 



Shim angustifolium of Northern climates. Called in Greece " ngroselinon " (Sibth.) : the 

 S I L U m of the capitularia of Charlemagne — is referred here by Antony, and Sprengel : S. angusti- 

 folium is known to make good fodder for cattle : is termed "s. sive apium palustre foliis oblongis " 

 by Tournefort inst. 308 ; and is known to grow in watery places throughout middle Europe as far as 

 Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 247, Gouan, Jacq. austr. pi. 67, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sib- 

 thorp in watery places in the Peloponnesus ; is known to be widely extended (A. Dec.) ; as far East 

 according to A. Gray as " Michigan " in America. 



Tragopogon porrifolius of the Uralian plains. Called in English gardens salsify, in France 

 "salsifis," in medieval Latin " solsequium " (Prior), in Germany " haberwurzel " (Grieb), in Greece 

 " triboura " (Fraas) ; in which we recognize the S LS 6 q U I &. of the capitularia of Charlemagne : — 

 T. porrifolius is regarded by A. Decandolle as introduced into Britain after the departure of the 

 Romans, but escaping from cultivation had become naturalized before the days of Gerarde ; is natu- 

 ralized also on the neighbouring portion of the continent (Koch, Wats., and Lecl.) ; was observed by 

 Forskal in cultivated ground near Marseilles ; and is termed "t. purpuro-caeruleum porri folio quod 

 arlifi vulgo" by Tournefort inst. 477. Eastward, was observed by Sestini (Sibth.), Chau bard, and 

 Fraas, from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus ; is regarded as indigenous in Dalmatia (Vis. fl. ii. 

 108, and A. Dec.) ; and was seen by Soujef clearly indigenous on the Lower Yaik (Pall. trav. iv.). By 

 European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues abundantly cultivated. (See 

 T. crocifolius.) 



Arctium tomenlosnm of Western Europe. The p^rdunk of the capitularia of Charlemagne 



— may be compared with the medieval "bardana," referred here by Willdenow : A. tomentosum was 

 observed by Allioni in Southern France (Steud.), and is known to grow as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. 

 pi. 642, and Pers.). 



Rumex acutus of Western Europe. The "parduna" of the capitularia of Charlemagne — is 

 however referred here by Antony, and Sprengel : R. acutus is described by Linnaeus ; and is known 

 to grow in Italy and France (Pollin. veron., Lenz, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



"806 A. D. (= 1466th of Synmu," art de verif.), Kouan-mu succeeded by his son Fei-dsio, now 

 "fifty-first" dairo of Japan. 



"This year= 'youan-ho,' istyear of Hien-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty — (Chinese 

 chron. table)*- 



" During the youan-ho of Hien-tsoung (== 806 to 820," Remus, mel. iii. 86), tribute sent by the 

 Lower or watery portion of Cambodia to China. 



"807, Jan. 31st, three hours after midnight" (Blair), occupation of Jupiter by the moon "in 2° 27' 

 of Libra." Observed in France by the monk Aimoin. 



Oxalis acetosella of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain gomk-7neat or wood-sowr or 

 wood-sorrel, also in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian alleluia (from flowering between 

 Easter and Whitsuntide when Psalms 113 to 117 ending with this word are sung, Prior) : the i.lle- 

 L U I a. is enumerated among the ingredients of a compound medicine used in the time of Charlemagne 



— (Eckhard, and Spreng.) : the " geaces sure " is mentioned in the Anglo Saxon Leechbook i. 2. 13, 

 and the " panis cuculi " in the Ortus Sanitatis 16 : O. acetosella is termed " oxys flore albo " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 88 ; was observed by Desfontaines on mount Atlas ; by Savi, in Etruria ; and is known to 

 grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 980, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). East- 

 ward, was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus, also near Constantinople; by Bieberstein, on 

 Caucasus ; by Thunberg, on mount Fakon in Japan, and called "katabami." The plant according to 

 Pereira is "refrigerant," a "good scorbutic," and infused in milk or water "forms a" grateful drink in 

 fevers and inflammatory cases " (Lindl.). 



79 



