OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 633 



"857 A. D." (Alst), at Rome, Benedictus III. elected fortieth archbishop. 

 "The same year" (Nicol.), Ethelwulf succeeded by Ethelbald II., third Anglo-Saxon king of 

 England. 



Oxa and Dun, whose prescriptions are quoted in the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 47 and ii. 65 

 (Cockayne), as early possibly as this date. 



"858 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Benedictus III. succeeded by Nicolaus, forty-first 

 archbishop. 



Coniitm maculatum of Northern Asia. Called in Britain hemlock, by Gerarde " homlock " 

 (Prior), in France "cigue" (Nugent), in Germany "gefleckter schierling," in Italy "cicuta" (Lenz), 

 in Albanian "kirkouta," in Wallachian "maggoutha" (Fraas), in Greece " vromohorton " (Sibth.) ; 

 and probably the C I C U T\€ of Macer Floridus 65, — and " hemlice " or " hymlican " of the Anglo- 

 Saxon leechbook i. 1 to 58, and Lacnunga : C. maculatum is termed " conium maculatum" by Hilde- 

 garde ii. 85, " cicuta major " by Tournefort inst. 306 ; was observed by Gussone near Naples, by 

 Lenz frequent in Italy ; and is known to occur in waste places throughout middle Europe as far as 

 Britain (Jacq. austr. pi. 156, Curt. lond. i. pi. 17, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent among rubbish from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; by Pallas 

 trav. . . . , wild in East Siberia. Farther East, possibly carried from Asia to America, as it was found 

 by R. Brown the younger used medicinally by the tribes of Northwest America, the infusion in diar- 

 rhoea : continues springing up around dwellings, in Northeast America, and in Austral America was 

 observed by A. Saint-Hilaire in the streets of Porto Alegre (A. Dec). Clearly by European col- 

 onists was carried to the Mauritius Islands, observed under cultivation by Bojer. The plant seems 

 to have been retained in medicinal use partly on account of its supposed identity with the Greek 

 " kfinSion." (See Oenanthe prolifera.) 



Sediim acre of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain stone-crop or mall- 

 pepper (Prior), in Germany " mauerpfeffer," in Italy "borracino " or " semprevivo minimo " (Lenz) ; 

 and the lesser kCldll L&.ITI called SemperVIVMTI of Macer Floridus 18 — may be compared : S. 

 acre is termed ''s. parvum acre flore luteo " by Tournefort inst. 263 ; was observed by Sibthorp on 

 rocks in Crete ; by Lenz, frequent in Italy ; is known to grow also in France and throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Britain (Pers., Lam. fl. fr., and Curt. lond. i. pi. 32). By European colonists, was 

 carried to Northeast America, where it is "cultivated for edgings," and "has become spontaneous in 

 a few places near Boston" (A. Gray). Is enumerated by Lindley among plants in medicinal use, the 

 "leaves acrid." 



Veronica chamcedrys of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain speed-well 

 from its blossoms flying away as soon as it is gathered, or originally forget-me-not, in Denmark 

 "foro-lemn-mig-icke," mentioned by Macer . . . , — and in the Ortus Sanitatis . . . , and a flower called 

 "soveio-ne vous de moy " woven in collars of knights was the subject of a famous joust between 

 France and England "in 1465 " (Prior) : V. chamaedrys is described also by Brunfels i. 125, Gesner, 

 and C. Bauhin pin. . . . (Spreng.) ; is termed "v. minor foliis imis rotundioribus " by Tournefort 

 inst. 144 ; is known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. 448, and Pers.) ; and 

 was observed by Sibthorp from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. 



Hyssopus officinalis of middle Asia. Called in Britain hyssop (Lindl.), in Italy "isopo " (Lenz), 

 in which we recognize the hySSOpum of Macer Floridus 45, — referred here by Baudet, and the 

 "ysopum" whose leaves and flowers are prescribed in the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 1. 17: H. offici- 

 nalis is described by Tragus pi. 18, Cssalpinus xi. 50 (Spreng.), Stapel pi. 727, and Tournefort; is 

 known to occur under cultivation in Italy (Lenz), also cultivated and naturalized throughout middle 

 Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 254, and Pers.), and naturalized in a single long-known locality in Britain 

 (Bromf., and A. Dec). Eastward, is known to grow in the Tauro-Caspian countries (Bieb.), and as 

 far as Central Asia (Lindl.) ; but according to Clot-Bey, has only recently been introduced into 

 Egypt- By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultiva- 

 tion, and according to A. Gray has " escaped from gardens " to " roadsides, Michigan etc. ; " was also 

 carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it rarely flowers (Boj.). The plant according to Lindley is 

 "a stimulating stomachic." 



Costus speciosus of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A very elegant Scitamineous plant with 

 velvety leaves and large pure-white flowers, in Hindustanee and Bengalee called " keeo," in Telinga 

 "bomma kachica" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " keoo " or "koot" or "kemooka" or " vang- 

 chowrah" (Graham) ; and one of the two kinds of imported COSTUS enumerated by Macer Flori- 

 dus 74 — is referred here by Baudet. Eastward, the - kemuka " or " kusht'ha " is prescribed medicinally 

 by Susrutas sutr. 46 and nid. 13 to chik. 25 ; and the conspicuous "bhasouras " of Harivansa 220 is 

 referred here by Langlois : C. speciosus is termed "herba spiralis hirsuta " by Rumphius vi. pi. 64; 

 was observed by Rheede xi. pi 8 in Malabar; by Graham, common "throughout the hilly wooded 

 parts of the Concan;" by Ainslie, Retz, Roxburgh, and Drury, as far as Coromandel and Bengal, the 



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