634 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



roots " insipid," but a kind of preserve made from them deemed by the natives " very wholesome ; " 

 was observed by Mason indigenous in Burmah. Transported to Europe, is termed " costus arabicus " 

 by Linnasus, "amomum hirsutum " by Lamarck. (See Aucklandia costus ) 



"859 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Montoku or Bon-toku succeeded by his fourth son 

 Seiwa, now fifty-sixth dairo of Japan. 



Rhus vernicif era of Japan. The lacquer tree: "the art of lacquering is already more than a 

 thousand years old, and pieces made in those ancient times — are still extant : " "very fine specimens 

 of lacquer over two hundred years old may be seen in the temple " in Tokio, " also in the Philadelphia 

 Exhibition" (Jap. centen. comm. 72) : R. vernicifera is known to grow in Japan (Pers ). 



" 860 A. D. = ' hian-thoung,' 1st year of Y-tsoung, of the Thang " or Fifteenth dynasty — (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



"The same year" (Nicol.), Ethelbald II. succeeded by Ethelbryht II. or Ethelbert II., fourth 

 Anglo-Saxon king of England. 



Lcpidium rudcrah- of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain Bowyer's mus- 

 tard, and cultivated species town-cress (Prior) ; the TVnCe PS&.n growing of itself and not sown 

 of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 1. 14 — may be compared : L. ruderale is described by Linnaeus ; was 

 observed by Scopoli in Carniolia; and is known to occur in waste places in France and throughout 

 middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 184, Crantz, Lam. fl. fr., Engl. bot. pi. 1595, and Pers ). 

 Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople. By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where in our Northern and Middle States, according to A. Gray, it continues 

 along "roadsides, near towns, sparingly." 



Erysimum alliaria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain sauce-alone, 

 by Turner "garlic-wort," being eaten with meat and having a strong odour of garlic, in Germany 

 "sasskraut" (W. Coles, and Prior) : the Le2>.C CerSe of the Anglo-Saxonleechbook iii. 15 — is 

 referred here by Cockayne : E. alliaria is described by Gerarde ; is termed '• hesperis allium redolens " 

 by Tournefort inst. 222; was observed by Brotero 57S in Portugal; and is known to grow in France 

 and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 435, and Pers.). Eastward, was 

 observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos* 



* Cardami/ie pratensis of Arctic and Subarctic climates. Called in Britain cuckoo floioer or 

 lady's smock (Prior) : and the L VS"Fm 0C6 of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 30 to 38 — is referred 

 here by Cockayne: the "lady-smocke " is mentioned by Drayton eel. 4, and "lady-smocks all silver 

 white" by Shakspeare 1. 1. 1. 2 (Prior p. 103) : C. pratensis is described by Gerarde p. 203; was ob- 

 served by Brotero in Portugal ; by Savi, in Italy ; and is known to grow in wet grassy meads through- 

 out middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (fl. Dan. pi. 1039, Pers., Hook , and 

 Wats.). Eastward, was observed by Gmelin throughout Siberia ; by Chamisso, on St. Lawrence 

 Island towards Behring Straits ; is known to grow throughout Arctic America (Hook.), as far even as 

 Igloolik (Parry), and Southward from Hudson's Bay (Pursh) to Wisconsin and Vermont (A. Gray). 

 The flowers according to Lindley are "pale lilac or almost white," and when dried "have been a 

 popular remedy for epilepsy in children." 



Drosera longifolia of Northern climates. With other species called in Britain sundew, in Ger- 

 many "sindau" (Prior): the SmMkn ITIOPVVyPT of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 5S. 1 — 

 may be compared : D. longifolia is described by Morison xv. pi. 4 f. 2 ; was observed bv Brotero in 

 Portugal ; by Allioni, in Piedmont ; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as 

 far as Lapland and Iceland (Pers., Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, was observed by Gmelin through- 

 out Siberia; is known to grow in Kamtschatka (Ledeb., and A. Dec). Farther East, in Canada (Torr. 

 and Gray) ; was observed by Short in Kentucky ; by myself, along the Atlantic from Lat. 45 to 3S in 

 the Delaware Peninsula; and by Elliott, and Chapman, as far as Florida. 



Drosera A iigliea of Northern climates. The Anglo-Saxon ITIOPVVyPT — is referred here by 

 Gerard, Somner, and Cotgrave (Cockayne) : D. Anglica is described by Morison xv. pi. 4, f. 1 ; and 

 is known to grow throughout middle Europe from Switzerland to Sweden and Russia (Hayne, Pers., 

 and Wats.). Eastward, was observed by Menzies along the Pacific in North America, and is known 

 to grow in the central portion of the Continent at Cumberland House in Lat. 54° (Hook., and A. Dec. 

 geogr. b. p. 566). 



Ruliits corylifolius of Northern Europe. Possibly the Thefkn T h P n of the Anglo-Saxon 

 leechbook iii. 8, — or " thefe-thorn " of W\cliffe's translation of Judg. ix. 14, the context implying a 

 humble and worthless brier (see Prior): R. corylifolius is described by Villars, and Smith b'rit ii. 

 p. 542; and is known to grow in woods and hedges throughout Northern Europe (Pers., Hayne, and 

 Steud.). 



Spirtza ulmaria of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain medewort or meadwort or 



