OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 635 



Ulex Europccus of middle Europe. Called in Britain furze or gorse (Prior), in which we recog- 

 nize the gOrST of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 31. 3, — and transl. Diosc. 142: "gorassorum non 

 portantium fructus comestibiles " are mentioned in Stat. Montis reg. p. 236 (Prior) : U. Europaeus, 

 occurring at Gibraltar (Boj.) and rare in Italy (Daub.), is known to grow throughout middle Europe, 



mead-sweet or meadow-sweet, in Denmark " miod-urt," in Sweden "mibd-ort" (Prior), in Germany 

 "wiesenkonigen" giving rise to the mediaeval " regina prati " (Cockayne) ; in all which we recognize 

 the meoOVVyPTof the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 30 and 38. 10, — or " regina medwurt " of gloss. 

 Harl. in 1240: the older names according to Hill p. 23 derived from mixing the flowers "with mead 

 to give it the flavour of the Greek wines," an account confirmed by Nemnith (Prior) : S. ulmaria is 

 described by Linnaeus ; and is known to grow on the Pyren.es (Brot. ) and mountains of Switzerland, 

 and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (fl. Dan. pi. 547, Pers., 

 and Hook.). Eastward, is known to grow on Caucasus (Bieb.), and in Siberia (Wats.). By Euro- 

 pean colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in gardens. According to 

 Lindley, " a fragrant water, forming an agreeable aromatic beverage, may be distilled from the 

 flowers." 



Sedum villosum of middle and Northern Europe. Included in the VVVPITlVVyrT of the 

 Anglo-Saxonleechbook i. 39 and 57 — according to Lyte, and Cockayne : S. villosum is described by 

 C. Bauhin pin. p. 283 ; and is known to grow in marshy meads throughout middle Europe as far as 

 Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 24, Engl. bot. pi. 394, and Pers ). 



Hieracium pulmonarium of Britain. Called there golden lungwort, and the Lvngen VVyPT 

 yellow upwards of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 3S. 4 — is referred here by Cockayne : H. pulmo- 

 narium is described by Smith (Steud.). 



Gentiana pneumonanthe of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Germany " lungen blume" 

 (Val. Cord.), in Britain lung-flower or calathian violet (Prior) having been mistaken by Ruel ii. 129 

 for the "calathiana" of Pliny (Dod.) : the merSC melr g e IX L Ml of the Anglo-Saxon leech- 

 book i. 39. 2 and ii. 50. 2, — and Lacnunga, is referred here by Cockayne : G. pneumonanthe is 

 termed "pneumonanthe" by Valerius Cordus (Dod. pempt. ii. 1. pi. 12); is described by Linnaeus; 

 and is known to grow from Switzerland and France as far as Sweden (fl. Dan. pi. 209, Lam. fl. fr., 

 and Wats.). Eastward, is known to grow on Caucasus (Bieb.) ; and in Siberia as far as the Yenisei 

 (Pall.). 



Primula elatior of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain oxlip (Prior), in which we 

 recognize the OX Ml S Ly ppMl of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 2. 15 : — P. elatior is termed "p. 

 Columnae " by Tenore ; is described by Miller, and Linnaeus ; is known to grow in France and 

 throughout middle and Northern Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 434, and Pers.), its leaves according to Lindley 

 not so "finely downy and soft" as in P. veris. 



Lamium album of middle Europe. Called in Britain blind nettle or white dead-nettle (Prior), 

 in which we recognize the bLinde n 6 T Le of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 23 : — L. album is 

 described by Linnaeus ; and is known as a weed in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe 

 (Crantz, and Pers.). 



Melampyrum vulgatum of Northern Europe. Called in Britain horse flower, in Flemish " peerts- 

 bloem" (Prior); and' the perd VVyrTof the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 87 — may be compared: 

 M. vulgatum is mentioned by Lyte ii. 14; is described by Lobel adv. p. 11, Dalechamp, and Gerard 

 (Spreng.) ; and is known to abound in woods in France and Britain (Ray, Engl. bot. pi. 113, and 



Pers.). 



Rumex palustris of Northern Europe. Included in the "fealwan doccan" of the Anglo-Saxon 

 leechbook — by Cockayne: R. palustris is described by Petiver pi. 2. f. 7, and Boccone mus.pl. 

 104 ; and is known to grow in wet places in France and Britain (Thuil., Dec. fl. fr., Curt. lond. iii. 

 pi. 23, Pers., and Steud.). 



Myrica gale of Northern climates. A shrub called in Britain bog my rt'.e or gale or sweet gale, 

 by Turner "gall " and in his time in Somersetshire "goul" or "golle," by Galfridus pr. pm. " gawl " 

 or " cravl " or " gawyl," in Dutch " gagel " (Prior) ; in which we recognize the g &. g e L of the Anglo- 

 Saxon leechbook i. 36, — and Lacnunga, referred here by Cockayne: M. gale is described by 

 Gerarde ; was observed by Brotero at S. Martinho in Portugal; is known to grow from Switzer- 

 land throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland (fl. Dan. pi. 327, Lam. fl. fr., Dec, 

 and Wats.). Eastward, is known to grow in Northern Asia (Wats.). Westward from Europe, was 

 observed by Lapilaye in Newfoundland ; by Michaux, in northern Canada ; by myself, throughout 

 New England, ceasing at about Lat. 41° (Eat.) except on the mountains of Pennsylvania and 

 Virginia "and continuing inland as far as Wisconsin (Pursh, and A. Gray). An infusion according to 

 Lindley has been employed medicinally, and "the leaves are used in Sweden as a substitute for hops 

 in brewing." 



