636 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEJVTENT 



abounding especially in Britain (Linn., fl. Dan. pi. 608, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by 

 Chaubard around Calamata in the Peloponnesus. By European colonists, was carried to St. Helena 

 and the Mauritius Islands, and in both localities has become naturalized (A. Dec, and Boj.). 



Potentilla argentea of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. One or more species is called 

 in Iceland " mara" (Olaf Olafsens urtag.) ; and the mJ,re of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 31. 7 — 

 is referred here in part by Cockayne : P. argentea is termed " pentaphyllum exiguum " by Tragus 

 (Spreng.), "quinquefolium folio argenteo " by Tournefort inst. 297 ; and is known to occur in waste 

 places throughout middle and Northern Europe (Crantz, Pers., Genersich, and Wahl.). Eastward, 

 was observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople and on the Bithynian Olympus. By European colo- 

 nists, was carried to Northeast America, where it has become naturalized, occurring not only in waste 

 ground but in wild sunny situations. 



Potentilla auscrina of cool Climates. Called in Britain goose-grass or goose-tansy or silver- 

 weed, in mediaeval Latin "argentina " (Prior), in France "argentine" (Nugent): the ge L 00 VVy TT 

 of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 32. 3, and the " mare '' in part, — are referred here by Cockayne : 

 P. anserina is described by Brunfels (Spreng.) ; was observed by Bertoloni in Italy ; is known to 

 grow on the Azores (Wats.), and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and 

 Iceland (Lam. fl. fr., fl. Dan. pi. 544, Fries, and Hook.). Eastward, is known to grow throughout 

 Northern Asia as far as Armenia, Talusch, Cashmere (Thomson, and A. Dec), Pekin (Bunge), 

 Daouria, and Kamtschatka (Ledeb.). Farther East, on the seashore of Unalascha and at Norfolk 

 Sound and Kotzebue Sound (Mert., and Hook.) ; was observed by myself around the interior salines 

 of Oregon ; is known to grow as far as Cumberland house in Lat. 54 (Drumm.), lake Huron (Hook.), 

 lake Champlain (Mx.), Pennsylvania (A. Gray), Labrador (Pursh), Greenland (Dec), Newfound- 

 land (LapiL), along the Atlantic so far as observed by myself, exclusively maritime and ceasing at 

 about Lat. 42 D . In the Southern Hemisphere, was observed by R. Brown p. 60 in Australia ; by J. 

 D. Hooker p. 54, in New Zealand; and by C. Gay ii. p. 303, in Chili. 



Ciicaa lutetiana of Northern Climates. Called in Britain enchanter's nightshade (Prior), in Old 

 Dutch " alfrancke,'' and the ieL fThOne of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 32. 4 — is referred here 

 conjecturally by Cockayne : C. lutetiana is described by Lobel obs. p. 137, F. Columna ecphr. ii. 

 p. So (Spreng), and Tournefort inst. 301 ; was observed by Savi on the Appenines ; and is known to 

 grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Finland (Ledeb., Wats., and 

 A. Dec). Eastward, was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, in cultivated ground around Constanti- 

 nople and in woods on the Bithynian Olympus, rarely in Greece ; is known to grow on Caucasus 

 (Bieb.), and throughout Siberia as far as the Yenisei (Pall.). Farther East, was observed by Beck 

 on the Mississippi at St. Louis ; and is known to grow from lake Huron and Montreal (Hook.) 

 throughout our Northern and middle States, and along the Alleghanies as far as Georgia (Ell., and 

 Chapm.) ; observed by myself, sometimes in waste ground, but more frequently in the forest and to 

 all appearance indigenous. 



Callitriche aquatica of Temperate Climates. Called in Britain water-starzuort (Prior) : the 

 6 &.L If er of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 22. 2 and ii. 24 — is referred here in gloss. Dun., and 

 the " uaeterwyrt" of transl. Apul. 48, is referred here by Lyte and Nemnich (Cockayne) : C. aquatica 

 is described by Vaillant pi. 32, Linnaeus, and Smith ; was observed by Gussone in Sicily ; by Desfon- 

 taines, in Algeria ; and is known to grow on the Azores and throughout middle and Northern Europe 

 as far as Lapland and Iceland (Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in pools on 

 the Bithynian Olympus ; is known to grow on Caucasus (Ledeb.), in Abyssinia (Rich.), in Hindu- 

 stan even to within the Tropic (J. D. Hook.), throughout Siberia to the Yenisei (Pall.), Daouria 

 (Ledeb.), and Japan (Thunberg). Farther East, was observed by Chamisso on L T nalascha ; and is 

 known to grow from the mouth of the Columbia and Eschscholtz Bay to Bear Lake and Lat. 66°, and 

 throughout Canada (Wats., and Hook.) to Arkansas (Nutt), Kentucky (Short), and our Atlantic 

 States as far as Carolina and Florida (Ell., and Chapm.). In the Southern Hemisphere, is known to 

 grow in Chili (C. Gay), on the Falkland Islands (D'urv.), Terra del Fuego, New Zealand, Campbell's 

 Isle, Auckland's Isle, Tasmannia, and Kerguelen (J. D. Hook., and A. Dec). 



Sanieula Europaa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain selfheal or 

 sanicle (Prior), in France "sanicle" (Nugent), in Germany "sanikel" (Grieb) ; the VWdv merce 

 of the Anglo-Saxon leechbook i. 15 and 39. 2 — is identified with the "sanieula" in a gloss in Lac- 

 nunga (Cockayne) : the "sanicle" is mentioned as curative in old proverbs, French and Eno-lish ; 

 and the "diapensiam" of (Jrtus Sanitatis (edit. Lubec) is referred here by Sprengel : S. Europasa is 

 described by F. Columna phyt. pi. 16; is termed " s. officinarum " by Tournefort" inst. 326, " astran- 

 tia diapensia " by Scopoli ; is known to grow in woods in Carniolia, France, and throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 283, Crantz, Lam. fl fr., and Pers.). Eastward, was observed 

 by Sibthorp on mount Athos. 



Galium mollugo of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain whip-tongue, 



