64O CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



journ. asiat. for 1848), the tree is "indigenous on the Tenasserim coast, and in some sections is quite 

 abundant." According to Lindley, liquid storax is "a fragrant honey-like balsam," a "stimulating 

 expectorant substance acting in the same way as solid storax, that is to say influencing the mucous 

 membranes, especially that which lines the air passages." 



Acouitum ferox of the Himalaya mountains. The acrid root of an Aconitum found by Belon 

 imported into Egypt and called "bish ; " in which we recognize the " bish " of Hobaisch, — Rhazes, 

 Ebn Samhum, Avicenna, I. ben- AH, and Ebn Baitar, referred by Royle (in Kitt. bibl. cycl.) to A. ferox, 

 the name derived from the Sanscrit "visha" signifying poison, and the drug long celebrated among 

 the Hindus : the plant is also attributed to Hindustan by Kaswini (De Sacy chrest., and Gildem.), and 

 may prove the source of genuine aconite. 



Ciicumis sativus of Tropical Eastern Asia. Called in Egypt "khyar," in which we recognize the 

 "khiar" of — Hobaisch, I. ben Masah, Amineddulat, I. ben Soliman, Rhazes, Avicenna, Elgafaki, 

 Abd-allatif, and Ebn Baitar : C. sativus was observed in Egypt by Forskal, Delile, and myself ; and 

 farther North, is called in Persian "kyar" (Roxb. iii. p. 720) ; wis observed by Forskal in gardens at 

 Constantinople ; and according to Chaubard, is abundantly cultivated in Greece. Westward, is called 

 in Esthonian "ukkuritz" or "uritz" in Polish "ogorek," in Bohemian "agurka," in German "gurke" 

 or "kukummer" (A. Dec), in Italian " cocomero," in Spanish " cogombro," in French " concombre,'' 

 and in English cucumber ox the young fruit for pickling gherkin; is described by Matthioli p. 367, 

 Dalechamp p. 620, and Lobel pi. 638, and is cultivated throughout Middle Europe. Southward from 

 Egypt, is known to be cultivated in Abyssinia (A. Rich.) ; and was observed by myself at Muscat. 

 Eastward, is called in Sanscrit "sookasa" (Pidd.), in Bengalee "sasha" or "khyira" or '•kankur,'' in 

 Hindustanee "khira" or " kakri " (D'rozar); was observed in Hindustan by Rheede viii. pi. 6, Rox- 

 burgh, Wight, myself, and according to Graham is "cultivated to a considerable extent as an article 

 of food among the natives." Farther East, is enumerated by Mason v. p. 471 as " exotic " in Burmah, 

 the Burmans and Karens seeming to prefer the fruit " when large and yellow ; " was observed by Blume 

 p. 930 under cultivation in Java; in Cochinchina and China, by Loureiro p. 726; and by Kaempfer, 

 and Thunberg, cultivated in Japan and called "akwa," or usually "karas uri " or "ki uri." From 

 Europe, was carried by Columbus to the West Indies (F. Columb. 53) ; and at the present day, is 

 abundantly cultivated throughout Northeast America. 



"Oct. 5th" (Nicol., see also Alst.), "Eighth" general ecclesiastical Council. Convened at Con- 

 stantinople by the emperor Basilius : who "for parricide " had been excluded from the church. The 

 patriarch Photius was deposed, and Ignatius reinstated; and on an appeal being made to Rome, some 

 writings of Photius against the encroachments of the Roman archbishop, subscribed by many provin- 

 cial bishops, were publicly burned by Hadrianus II. 



"870 A. D." (art de verif.), Mohtadi succeeded by Motamed, fifteenth Abbassid khalif. 



The authority of Motamed was acknowledged by Tooloon ; who, under the appointment of gov- 

 ernor of Eg\pt, had rendered himself really independent. Coins issued in Egypt by Tooloon, are 

 figured in Marcel p. 66. 



Fagara Avicenna: of China. CallecLin Arabic " faghara " (Mowafik ) ; and the " fagirat " of Ebn 

 Masah, — Ishak ben Amran, Mesue, Serapion 200, Ebn Baitar, supposed by Avicenna to come "from 

 Sofala," is referred here by Jussieu : F. Avicennae is described from imported specimens by Lobel 

 ic. ii. pi. 133. Eastward, was observed in China by Incarville (who sent specimens to Jussieu, Spreng.); 

 and according to Lindley, is " used in China as an antidote against all poisons ; undoubtedly a powerful 

 stimulant." 



" In or about this year" (Nicol), by a synod at Spalatro, the use of the Slavonian language in 

 religious services prohibited. 



" 872 A. D." (Nicol.), Ethelred succeeded by Alfred, sixth Anglo-Saxon king of England. Alfred's 

 coins are of inferior workmanship : his jewel, "a beautiful work of art " bearing an inscription in Anglo- 

 Saxon capital letters, — is now in the museum at Oxford (Pauli vi ). 



"873 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Hadrianus II. succeeded by Joannes IX., forty-third 

 archbishop. 



"N74 A. D. = 'kian-fou,' 1st year of Hi-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty— (Chinese 

 chron. table). 



Hardly later than this date (Yule cath. i. p. cvii), Ebn Wahab, an acquaintance of Abu Zaid, 

 visiting Khumdan (Singanfu) in China. 



"The same year" (Rafn), colonization of Iceland by Scandinavians under Ingolf. 



"875 A. D." (Pauth. 329), in China, beginning of the revolt led by Hoang-tchao (called " Ban- 

 choa " by Abu Zaid). 



"The same year" (= 823 -f cycle of 52 yrs., Clavig. ii), accession of Nacaxoc, fifth Toltec king 

 of Mexico. 



Acer {.Ycgundo) Amcricanum of the Mississippi and its tributaries. A pinnate-leaved maple 



