644 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Simple and regent of France, he was succeeded by count Odo. The Charlemagne dominions now 

 forming five kingdoms, France, Burgundy, Germany, Italy, and ... _ 



Hardly eariier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentl.), Suchi reigning in 

 Hindustan. 



" The same year " (ann. Jap. and art de verif.), Kooko succeeded by his third son Uda or Ouda, 

 now fifty-ninth dairo of Japan. In whose reign, the princess Isse distinguished herself for her knowl- 

 edge, and composed a book which continues to be highly esteemed in Japan. 



"SS'i A. D. = 'loung-ki,' 1st year of Tchao-tsoung, of the Thang" or Fifteenth dynasty— (Chi- 

 nese chron. table). 



" In or about 890 A. D." (Blair), a " Body of Laws " composed by king Alfred of England. 



"891 A. D." (Alst, and Nicol.), at Rome, Stephanus VI. succeeded by Formosus, forty-seventh 

 archbishop. 



"892 A. D." (art de verif.), Motamed succeeded by Motadhed, sixteenth Abbassid khalif. 



894 A. D,the Arab botanist Abu Hanifah writing. — He died in the following year (=" 2S2 

 Hej." of Abulfed., Casiri giving " 290 " ). 



Oralis corniculata of Subtropical Eastern Asia. Called in Yemen " homadmad " or '-haemaem- 

 dah " or " hssmda," in which we recognize the " hamdhidh " mentioned as a sour vegetable by Abu 

 Hanifa— (Ebn Bait.) : O. corniculata was observed by Forskal among the mountains of Yemen ; is 

 known to grow in Abyssinia (A. Rich.) ; and was observed by Forskal, and Delile, occurring as a 

 weed at Cairo. Farther North, was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in shaded situa- 

 tions in Crete and the Peloponnesus and in cultivated ground around Constantinople and called 

 "moshophilo ; " is known to occur also around Caucasus and in the adjoining portion of Siberia 

 (Ledeb., and Bieb.). Westward, is described by Ruel ii. 144, Matthioli, and Lobel ; was observed 

 in 1:76 by Clusius pi. 476 in Spain and in a garden at Montpellier ; is termed " oxys lutea " by 

 Tournefort inst. 88 ; and is known to occur in waste and cultivated ground in Algeria and through- 

 out middle Europe as far as Britain (Munby, Wats., Bromf., and A. Dec). Eastward from Arabia, 

 has Sanscrit names (Pidd.) ; was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay "in gardens and 

 pasture grounds during the rains;" by Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan; by Mason, in 

 Burmah ; by Zoll. p. 14, in Java ; by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan, called there " sunsjo " or 

 " sasjo," or usually " sikambo " or " katabami " or " simmoguso ; " and is known to occur on the Loo 

 Choo Islands (Hook., and Arm). By European colonists, was carried to Madeira, the Azores, West 

 Indies, Chili, and Austral Africa (Dec, C. Gay, Wats., and Wight and Arn.). 



Mclilotus coerulea of Central or Eastern Asia ? The '• dsark elthair " of Abu Hanifa, — grow- 

 ing in Irak and identified by Ebn Baitar with the " handakuka " of the Nabatheans, or the "handa- 

 kuka'' of Serapion, is referred here by Sontheimer and others : M. coerulea or blue melilot is said 

 to grow in Lybia (Pers.), but according to Clot-Bey has only recently been introduced into Egypt. 

 Farther North, was observed by Forskal at Smyrna : and Westward, has been long cultivated in 

 middle Europe ; is described in the Ortus Sanitatis ? by Cordus, Gesner, Fuchsius Si 5, Turner, 

 Anguillara, Matthioli, Dodoens, and C. Bauhin ; and according to Sprengel, an oil prepared from it 

 is used in Belgium and Spain for removing spots on the face. 



Citrus acida of Hindustan. Called in Britain lemon, in Egypt and Yemen "lim" or ; ' limun " 

 (Forsk.), in Hindustanee " limu " or "nibu," in Bengalee "lebu" or "jamir" or "jambir'' (D'roz.), 

 in Sanscrit "nimbooka" (Royle), in which we recognize the "limun" frequent in Arabia according 

 to Abu Hanifa but only in the cultivated state — (Ebn Bait., and De Sacy). mentioned also by Ebn 

 Djami, and Ebn Ayas : C. acida in the da\s of Forskal had become sparingly naturalized in Yemen, 

 fruit was seen there by Barthema in 1503, by myself in market at Mocha, and by Alvarez in 1520 in 

 Abyssinia ; C. acida was observed by Makrizi under cultivation in Nubia ; by Abd-allatif, Forskal. 

 and Delile, in Egypt; by Jacques de Vitry in the "thirteenth century" in Palestine; is mentioned 

 by Persian medical writers; was observed by Bory cultivated abundantly on the Greek islands, espe- 

 cially on Naxos ; is known also under cultivation throughout the Mediterranean countries. East- 

 ward from Arabia, the " jambiru " is mentioned by the Sanscrit writer Susrutas (Hessl.) ; C. acida 

 seems known under cultivation in Hindustan (Royle, and D'roz.), and a tree called "biharee" 

 observed by Royle apparently wild along the base of the Himalayas may prove its original state. 

 Farther East, the "large lime" is enumerated by Mason v. p. 453 and 760 as "exotic" in Burmah 

 and in different varieties " diffused all over the country ; " and C. acida was observed by Loureiro 

 p. 568 in Cochinchina. By European colonists, was carried to the West Indies, where it has become 

 naturalized (Macfad., and A. Dec.) ; to the Taheitian and Samoan groups in the Pacific, verified by 

 myself; and to the Feejeean group, its introduction claimed by Capt. Yanderford of our Expedition, 

 in accordance with the absence of a native name (" moli " including the shaddock, Hale). 



Santolina fra^rantissima of the Egyptian and Syrian Desert. Called in Egypt "keisum gebeli" 

 or "babouneg" or " ba'yteran," in which we recognize the "abitheran" of Abu Hanifa, — Avicenna, 



