OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 645 



A. H. Ellahabali, Elkara, and Ebn Baitar : S. fragrantissima was observed by Lippi, Forskal, and 

 Delile pi. 42, in the Desert from Cairo to Suez, the juice applied in affections of the eyes, and the 

 dried flowers also used medicinally, having the odour of chamomile but much more powerful. Accord- 

 ing to Lindley, the plant occurs also in Palestine and between Aleppo and Bagdad. 



Lavandula vera of the West Mediterranean countries. The flowers imported from Venice into 

 Egypt and called " chozame " (Forsk.), in which we recognize the "chuzama" of Abu Hanifa, — 

 Elzaharawi, Elgafaki, and Ebn Baitar : " spiritus lavandulae " is also enumerated by Forskal mat. 

 med. as well known in Egypt. Northward and Westward, L. vera is called in medieval Latin " laven- 

 dula," in Italian " lavandola," in Dutch and German " lavendel," and in English lavender, names 

 derived from " being used to scent newly washed linen, or according to Diez, in washing the body " 

 (Prior); is known to grow wild in Southern France (Villars, and A. Dec.) and across the Mediter- 

 ranean (Lindl.), and is besides cultivated in gardens throughout middle Europe. By European colo- 

 nists, was carried prior to 1670 (Jossel.) to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in 

 gardens. According to Lindley, the flowers are chiefly employed in perfumery, but with the leaves 

 and oil are sometimes administered medicinally. (See L. spica.) 



Rumex nervosus of the mountains of Yemen. A shrubby species called there "dthrob," in which 

 we recognize the "uthrub" of Abu Hanifa, — Elgafaki, and Ebn Baitar: R. nervosus was observed 

 by Forskal p. 76 on the mountains around Hadie. 



Suada monoica of the seashore and inland salines of Egypt and Arabia. A shrub called in 

 Yemen " asal " (Forsk.); and the "asal" of Abu Hanifa, — and Ebn Baitar, may be compared: 

 S. monoica was observed by Forskal p 70 at Alexandria, also on the plains inland and along the sea 

 in Yemen, where " hotam " or "doluk " (barilla) is obtained from its ashes and used in washing clothes. 

 S. fruticosa, observed by Forskal at Djidda, by Delile near Rosetta, by Sibthorp, and Bory, on the 

 seashore of Greece, and known to grow from Persia to the shores of Spain and Portugal (Brot. 403, 

 and Pers.), is by some writers regarded as not distinct. 



Commelyna communis of Tropical Africa and Asia. Called in Yemen " djalif " (Forsk.), in which 

 we recognize the "jalifof Abu Hanifa, — and Ebn Baitar: C. communis was observed by Forskal 

 among the mountains of Yemen: and Westward, is known to grow in Guinea (A. Dec). Eastward 

 from Arabia, was observed by Roxburgh, and Graham, in Hindustan ; and by Kaempfer v. pi. 889, in 

 Japan. 



"895 A. D." (Alst), at Rome, Formosus succeeded by Bonifacius VI.; soon afterwards by 

 Stephanus VII. ; and before the close of the year, by Theodorus II., fiftieth archbishop. 



"898 A. D." (Nicol.), in France, the government assumed by Charles III. le Simple. 



"The same year" (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Uda succeeded by his eldest son Dai-go, now 

 sixtieth dairo of Japan. 



"899 A. D." (Csomadekeros, and F. Mason ii. 23), the Budhist religion abolished in Thibet. 



"900 A. D." (Pauth. 330), in China, the emperor Tchao-tsoung confined to prison limits by the 

 eunuchs ; who were now numerous, and during a long series of years had acquired official positions 

 and great political influence. 



One hundred and fifty-sixth generation. Jan. 1st, 901, onward mostly beyond youth : the Jewish 

 writers, Chiwi al Balki, Joseph ben Jacob (abu J.) el Kirkissani el Bassir, Saadja, Salman ben Jeru- 

 cham, Menahem, Jehudah Ibn Koreish, and Eldad Hadani : the Arab writers, Ebn-al djezzar, Ebn 

 Wahshiyyeh, Ebn el Batrik, Ishak ebn Honain d. 910: the Greek writers, Arethas of Cassarea, Joan- 

 nes Cameniates d. 904: the theologians, Marcus eremita, and Radulphus Flaviacensis : the optician 

 Vitello. 



"The same year" (Alst.), at Rome, Theodorus II. succeeded by Joannes X., fifty-first arch- 

 bishop. 



" Oct. 28th " (Nicol. p. 355), Alfred succeeded by Edward, seventh Anglo-Saxon king of England. 



Leucanthemum vuloare of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain great 

 daisy or moon daisy or maud.in wort (Prior), in ms. Laud. 553 f. 9 "bow wort" or "bris wort ; •*' in 

 which we recognize the bry S6 VVy rT€ of an Anglo-Saxon leechdom, — referred here by Cock- 

 ayne i. 37s : the "white bothen " is also identified with the "great daisie " by Gerarde : L. vulgare is 

 described by Fuchsius 148 (Spreng.), and Matthioli p. 653 ; is termed " 1. vulgare " by Tournefort inst. 

 492 ; was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia; and is known to grow in woods and cultivated ground in 

 France and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi 994, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers ). 

 Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in mountain pastures on the Greek islands ; but is unknown in 

 Eastern Asia (Ledeb., and A. Dec). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it has become naturalized throughout our Northern, Middle, and even in our Southern States 

 (Chapm.), multiplying in old clearings, and in New England termed white-weed, in the distance 

 whitening fields with its flowers. 



"902 A. D." (art de verif.), Motadhed succeeded by Moktafi, seventeenth Abbassid khalif. 



