654 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Mctficago maculata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain heart-clover 

 (Prior p. 50). in Greece " triphullommaten " (Ang.), in which we recognize the h 6 TT C L ke f re 

 of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Apul. 25, — and gloss. Laud. 567, referred here by Cockayne : M. macu- 

 lata is described by Anguillara p. 2N5 (Spreng.), and Morison ii pi. 15 ; is termed " medica echinata 

 glabra cum maculis nigricantibus " by Tournefort inst. 410 ; and is known to grow from the Mediter- 

 ranean to Britain (All., Curt. lond. iii. pi. 47. and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands to mount Athos ; and is 

 described by Pallas (Steud.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it 

 was observed by A. Gray "introduced with wool into waste grounds in some places.'' 



Tii/oltiim procumbent of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A yellow-flowered species 

 called in Britain hop-clover ■ and the hymeLe of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Apul. 52, — figured with 

 trefoil leaves in manuscript G, is referred here by Cockayne: T. procumbens is termed " t. lupuli- 

 num " by Rivinus tetrapt. pi. 10, " t. pratense luteum capitulo lupuli vel agrarium " by Tournefort 

 inst. 404; and is known to grow in grassy situations throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark 

 (Vaill. par. pi. 22, fl. Dan. pi. 1)45, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 frequent in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to Asia Minor and Cyprus ; by Hasselquist, 

 around Damietta on the Mediterranean border of Egypt. By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where it continues in waste and cultivated ground as far inland as Kentucky (A. 

 Gray) ; also to Austral Africa (Drege, and A. Dec). 



Aspentla odorata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain ivood-rofe or 

 wood-ruff or wood-row or wood-rowel from its whorled leaves resembling rowels of ancient spurs 

 (Prioi ). in which we recognize the VVVdv POfeof the Anglo-Saxon transl. Apul. 33 and 53, — and 

 the "woderoue" termed " herba muscata herba citrina" in gloss. Harl. 3388 (an instance according 

 to Prior of the adoption of a French word into Anglo-Saxon) : A. odorata is figured in manuscript V 

 of the Anglo-Saxon transl Diosc. 174 ( Harlev and Cockayne) ; is termed ''aparine latifolia humilior 

 montana " by Tournefort inst. 114; was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia (Steud.) ; and is known to 

 grow throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Curt. lond. iv. pi. 15, and Pers.). Eastward, was 

 observed by Sibthorp in shady situations on the Bithynian Olympus and around Constantinople. 

 According to Smith, and Lindley, "the herb while drying has the scent of new hay," and "passes for 

 a diuretic."' 



Digitalis purpurea of middle Europe. Called in Britain foxglove, in Norway "rev-bielde" 

 fox-bell, in France " gantes de notre dame," in Germany "fingerhut" (Prior), in which we recog- 

 nize the fOXeS $ L f &. of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Diosc. 144, — and a manuscript glossary of 

 JElinc : D. purpurea is termed "digitalis" by Fuchsius, who remarked the absence of Greek and 

 Latin names; is described also by Tragus 339 (Spreng.), and F. Columna (Mentzel.) ; and is 

 known to grow wild throughout middle Europe as far as Norway (fl. Dan. pi. 74, Ehrard, and A. 

 Dec). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultiva- 

 tion ; to the Mauritius Islands, where according to Bojer it seldom flowers. The leaves and seeds 

 according to Lindley " afford one of the most valuable of known medicines, for the purpose of reducing 

 the action of the heart, promoting the action of the absorbents, as a diuretic, and for producing a 

 specific action over the cerebro-spinal system." 



Calanuntha acinos of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain basil-thyme 

 (Prior), and the mlSTe L of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Apul. 119, —identified by Cockayne with the 

 basil, maybe compared: C. acinos is described by Fuchsius p. 896, Anguillara p. 21.S, Lobel, and 

 Clusius (Spreng.), and Parkinson th. p. 19; is termed " clinopodium arvense ocymi facie" by 

 Tournefort inst. 195; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles; is known to grow wild in Italy 

 (Lenz), and throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Lam. fl. fr., Pers., and Curt. lond. i. pi. 43). 

 Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in the Peloponnesus; and is described 

 by J 'all as. 



Lalaiuintha clinopodium of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in North America 



SmerOVVyrT of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Apul. 20 — is referred here by Cockayne p. lvi : P. 

 vulgaris is described by W. Coles (Prior); is known to grow in wet situations in Switzerland and 

 throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Oecl. clan. pi. 93, Pers., 

 Hook , and Wats.). Eastward, is known to grow in Siberia (Wats.). Farther East, a Pin<niicula 

 was observed by Chamisso on St. Lawrence Island; and P. vulgaris is known to grow on wet rocks 

 from Lake Superior to Western New York (A. Cray). 



Satyrium viride of middle Europe. The hrkefnes LekC raven's leek of the Anglo-Saxon 

 transl. Apul. 16 — may be compared (the figure according to Cockayne being that of Satyrium of 

 Linnaeus and not a Habenari.i; : S. viride is known to grow in mountain meads from Britain through- 

 out middle Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 94, and Pers.) ; was observed by Haller pi. zT) in Switzerland. 



