OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 659 



effect produced by its edible fruit; was observed also in the West Indies by Sloane, by Jacquin, used 

 to fortify a town (Pers.). Transported to Europe, was seen by Oviedo in a garden in Italy, and 

 according to Matthioli was brought within his own recollection from the West Indies ; was known to 

 Dodoens, Lobel, and Bauhin, only under cultivation (A. Dec), but has since become naturalized on 

 the Canaries and throughout the Mediterranean countries, and in Egypt the Aitian name is retained 

 in "tin Franj " fig of Europeans (Forsk., and Del.). Possibly by Polynesians, was carried Westward 

 to the Hawaiian Islands, where it has been established long enough to be regarded by the natives as 

 indigenous. Clearly by European colonists, was carried farther across the Pacific to the Philippines, 

 where it is called in Tagalo " sandocsandoc " or "dilang baca " (Blanco) ; to Burmah, called there 

 " ka-la-zoung " (Mason) ; to Hindustan, observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, by Graham "commonly 

 U3ed as a hedge plant" on the Deccan, by myself forming thickets there and completely naturalized. 



Cephaelis iprcacuanha of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of South America. Coffea- 

 ceous and suffruticose, yielding the drug ipecacuanha (Lindl.) : the "gioia" mingled by the Aitians 

 with another herb as an emetic* — (Columb. and F. Roman Pane 16) may be compared: C. ipecacu- 

 anha was observed by Martius in the woods of Brazil, is known to grow on the mountains of New 

 Granada (Lindl.), and was observed by Tussac in the West Indies (Steud.). The drug ipecacuanha, 

 known in Europe from nearly the middle of the Seventeenth century (Spreng.), was found by Forskal 

 mat. med. imported by the way of Europe into Egypt. (See Ionidium ipecacuanha.) 



"980 A. D." (Blair), Apulia and Calabria recovered by the Byzantine emperors. 



" In this year " (Velasco, and Markh. edit. G. de la Vega ii. p. 347), the Caras, ascending the 

 river Esmaraldas in balsas,f defeat the Quitus and take possession of their country. Their religion 

 was that of the Sun and Moon, — and "they built a temple of the Sun on a height near Quito, now 

 called Panecillo." 



981, "June (= 372 Hej.," Sylv. de Sacy, and Sonth.), Soliman Ben Hassam Ebn Joljol writing 

 at Cordova. 



Senecio sqtialidus of the Egyptian Desert. Called in Egypt " korraejr " or " korreis," in which 



* Geophila reniformis of Tropical America. A small creeping Coffeaceous herb, possibly one of 

 the plants in question : — observed by P. Browne 161, and Jacquin am. pi. 46, in moist shady places in 

 the West Indies (Pers.) ; by Humboldt and Bonpland on the Oronoco, and known to grow in Brazil, 

 "its root emetic, used as a substitute for ipecacuanha" (Lindl.). By Polynesians, was carried West- 

 ward to the islands of the Pacific, observed by myself completely naturalized on the Hawaiian Islands, 

 seemingly wild in deep woods on Taheiti, naturalized on the Samoan Islands occurring on Savaii only 

 in pathways leading to the Interior forest, naturalized also on the Feejeean Islands, and on the Philip- 

 pines on mount Banajao. Farther West, was observed by Rheede pi. 21 in Malabar; by Roxburgh, 

 and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; and by Nimmo in the " S. Concan," nearly as far as Bombay 

 (Graham). 



Lucuma mammosa of the Upper Oronoco. Called by French and English colonists mammei- 

 sapotc, by Spanish " sapote " (A. Dec), and its edible fruit known from early times : — observed by 

 Sloane ii. 125 on Jamaica, apparently only under cultivation ; by Jacquin am. 57 on other West India 

 Islands and at Carthagena, and termed by him "a sapota major ; " by Maycock 146, on Barbadoes ; 

 but by Humboldt and Bonpland Hi. 240, wild in the forest at the missions on the Oronoco. By 

 European colonists, was carried Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it is called in 

 Tagalo "mamei " (Blanco 238). 



Sapota achras of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of Tropical America. The sapo- 

 dilla, called by French colonists " sapotier " or " sapodiller," by Spanish " zapota " or "zapotilla" 

 (A. Dec), lon°- known in the West Indies : —observed by Sloane ii. f72 to all appearance wild on an 

 island near Campeachy and on Jamaica ; by P. Browne ii. pi. 19, also on Jamaica ; by Jacquin am. 

 59, and Humboldt and Bonpland iii. 239, wild in the forests of Venezuela. By European colonists, 

 was carried to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.) ; to Hindustan (Roxb., and Wall. 4148), called at Bombay 

 " kowut " (Graham) ; to Burmah (Mason) ; and to Java (Hassk. 463). 



Coccoloba uvifera of the shores of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of Tropical Amer- 

 ica. A small tree called seaside-grape, and its fruit known from early times : the "guiabara " — is 

 described by Oviedo °- e n. hi st - v ' u - P^- '3 • *-. uv ' tera was observed by Sloane ii. pi. 220, Catesby ii. 

 pi 96 and Jacquin am. pi. 73, in the West Indies, its fruit eatable and commonly sold in market, but 

 not much esteemed (Lindl.). From transported specimens, described by Lobel ii. 195. 



t Arundinaria sp. of Tropical America. These balsas were of course made of the "cafia 

 de Guayaquil," a bamboo — afterwards sent by order of the Incas to all the rivers and lakes of Peru 

 for the purpose of making balsas, the best kind always coming " from the province of Quitu " (G. de 

 la Veg. iii. 16). 



