660 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



we recognize the " kurras " or " anjurat " of Ebn Joljol, — and the " korrais " or " anjurat " of Ebn 

 Baitar • S. squalidus was observed by Forskal, and Delile, frequent in the Desert bordering Lower 

 Egypt. Westward, is known to occur as a weed in Sicily and Southern Europe (Boccon. sic. pi. 41, 

 Barrel, pi. 262, and Pers.) ; and though unknown in the intervening country, was already in Britain 

 in the days of Dillenius, and has become naturalized there (A. Dec ). 



"983 A. D." (Nicol., see also Alst), Otto II. succeeded by his son Otto or Otho III., at the age 

 of "ten " years third emperor of Germany and Italy. 



" The same year " (Rafn), from Iceland sailing in search of the land seen a century previously 

 by Gunnbjorn, Erikus Rufus found an extensive coast, which he named Greenland. After examining 

 it, — and passing two winters there, in the third summer he returned to Iceland. 



Chilian civilization as early probably as this date. 



Acacia (Vachellia) Farnesianaoi Chili. Arborescent and called in Chilian "caven "* — (Molina) ; 

 observed by myself clearly indigenous, dotting the open country along and upon the basal portion of 

 the Andes. Raised in Europe "in 161 1 " from seeds received from Hayti (Tob. Aldin. hort. fames. 3), 

 described also by Hyacinthus Ambrosinius, Parkinson, and Plukenet pi. 73 ; observed by Forskal, 

 and Chaubard, in the gardens of the Peloponnesus and Rhodes, and by the Turks called " mis- 

 setsjae ; " by Hasselquist, Forskal, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt and called " fetneh ; " was 

 carried also to Western Equatorial Africa (Benth. fl. nigr.) ; and from Buenos Ayres to Louisiana 

 (A. Dec), continuing planted as far North as Charleston. By European colonists also, was carried 

 to Taheiti (observed there by myself), and Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it 

 has become frequent and is called in Tagalo "aroma" (Blanco); to Timor (Decsne) ; to Java 

 (Hassk., and Zoll. ) ; to Burmah, observed by Mason " exotic " and called '• nan-lung-kyeing ; " to 

 Hindustan, called in Sanscrit " urimeda " or " vitkhira," in Bengalee "gooya-babula," in Telinga 

 "kustoori" or " piktoome " (Roxb. and Lindl.) or "piyi-tumma" or " kampu-tumma " or " naga- 

 tumma," in Tamil " piy-velam," in Malabar " pivelam " (Drur.), observed by Graham "very common 

 in the Eastern parts of the Deccan," by myself both under cultivation and naturalized ; yielding 

 according to Wight, and Drury, "a considerable quantity of useful gum," and the flowers distilled 

 "a delicious perfume." 



Solatium tuberosum of Southern Chili. The potato, called in Peru "papas" (Ciez., Carate, 

 Gomara, Barcia, and myself), growing wild in Southern Chili and collected for food by the natives 

 (CI. Gay) : carried thence, becoming an object of cultivation! in Northern Chili — and Peru "in the 



* Dolichos funarius of Chili. Climbing, called in Chilian " cogul " (Molin.), and doubtless from 

 early times used for cordage, — as witnessed by Molina among the colonists. 



Quillaia sinegmadermos of Chili. A Rosaceous tree called in Chilian " quillai " from " quillcan " 

 to wash (Molin.), its bark therefore from early times used as a substitute for soap : — observed by 

 Frezier i. 206, and Molina ; by myself, frequent from the coast throughout the basal portion of the 

 Andes, and its bark exported in large quantities. 



Cestrum parqui of Chili. A large many-stemmed shrub called in Chilian ''parqui" or "palqui" 

 (Molin.), and from early times its wood considered the best for procuring fire by turning a rod rap- 

 idly ; also employed medicinally: — observed by FeuilMe, and Molina; by myself, frequent at the 

 outlet of valleys near the sea-level ; described also by Ruiz and Pavon ii. pi. 32. 



Ocy'mum ? salinum of Chili. Its round articulate stem covered every morning with saline globules, 

 doubtless from early times collected and used for salt, — as witnessed by Molina among the colonists. 



Aristotelia macqui of Chili. A large shrub called in Chilian "maqui," its berries eaten and a 

 drink prepared from them (Molin.) doubtless from early times: — observed by Molina; by myself, 

 frequent in Lower Chili; described also in fl. peruv. 125 (Pers.). 



t Solatium cart of Chili. A distinct species of potato from early times cultivated in Chili, — 

 described by Molina, but according to Humboldt iv. 9 remaining unknown as far North as Quito, as 

 well as in Mexico and Europe. 



Heracleum tuberosum of Chili. Known from early times, — and enumerated by Molina among 

 useful plants. 



Luma sp. of Chili. Large Myrtaceous shrubs, one or more species called in Chilian " luma " 

 (Molin.), and from early times a sort of wine made of the berries : — observed by Molina ; by myself, 

 several species some of them arborescent frequent in Lower Chili. 



J.uiuma Valparadisica of Chili. One of the three wild species called in Chilian "lucuma" 

 (Molin.), and probably from early times: — observed by Molina (Steud.) ; by myself in a steep 

 mountain-ravine facing the sea about three miles South of Valparaiso. 



Lucuma bifera, turbinata, and spitiosa, all of Chili. Also called in Chilian "lucuma" (Molin), 

 known from early times and one of them cultivated : — observed by Molina (Steud.). 



Adeuostemum nitidum of Chili. A large Sapotaceous tree, its delicious fruit known from early 



