670 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Abutilon Avicennae of China and Mongolia. Mentioned by Avicenna — (according to Gaertner) : 

 from seeds sent from Pekin, ascertained by Roxburgh to be the "king ma " of China, occurring from 

 " Lat. 32 to 39 " and cultivated for its fibre (Royle him. p. 116 and fibr. pi.) ; observed by Pallas 

 trav. i. 503 as far West as the Yaik. Farther West, is described by Gesner, Anguillara, Matthioli, 

 Dalechamp p. 592 (Spreng.), Dodoens, Camerarius, and C. Bauhin ; is known to occur in Siberia 

 and Switzerland (Pers.), and is regarded by A. Decandolle as "probably naturalized in Southern 

 Europe." Possibly by European colonists carried to Northeast America, where it continues in 

 Carolina and Georgia "in waste places chiefly in the middle and upper districts " (Ell., and Chapm.); 

 so far as observed by myself from Lat. 39 to 43° along the Atlantic, has more of the aspect of a weed 

 brought by our aboriginal tribes. 



Reseda Meditcrranea of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Egypt "romeykh" (Forsk., 

 and Del.), and the " raamek " of Avicenna (Kirst.) may be compared : the " gselbehnak " of Avicenna 

 — (Kirst.), and Ebn Baitar, is referred here by Sontheimer : R. Mediterranea is described by Linnasus ; 

 was observed by Sibthorp in grain-fields on the Greek islands ; by Forskal p. 92 at Alexandria; by 

 Delile, not far from Cairo growing in the Desert ; is known to grow also in Palestine (Pers.). 



Melia azedarach of Subtropical Japan and China. Called in Egypt " zaenzalacht " (Forsk.), in 

 Northern Hindustan " dek " (Royle): the " azedarach '' of Avicenna — is referred here by writers, 



probability favouring according to Royle him. p. i_ir : the " mahanimba " of Susrutas is referred 



here by Hessler: M. azederach is known to occur on Ceylon (Pers.) ; was observed in Hindustan by 

 Roxburgh, Royle. and Wight ; by Graham, "a common tree, generally met with about villages both 

 in the Concan and Deccan," the name given me by the natives signifying "English tree," but accord- 

 ing to Royle var. sempervirens is distinguished in Hindustanee as "bukayun" or "bukain." 

 Farther East, M. azedarach is enumerated by Mason v. 411 and 479 as "exotic" in Burmah and 

 called "ka-ma-kha," cultivated for ornament and the root used as a vermifuge; was observed by 

 Blanco on the Philippines, in one or more localities and called in Tagalo "malongain ; " by Kaemp- 

 fer, and Thunberg, frequent in Japan from Nagasaki to Jeddo, having several native names and 

 furnishing oil for burning. Westward from Hindustan, was observed by Forskal under cultivation 

 in Yemen ; by him, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt ; by Rauwolf, and Hasselquist, in Palestine ; 

 by Chaubard, on the Greek islands; is termed " pseudo-sycamorus '' by Matthioli pi. 232; and is 

 known to occur under cultivation as far as Spain (Pers., and Blanco). By European colonists, was 

 carried to the West Indies (Comm. hort. pi. 176, Swartz ii. p. 737) ; to our Southern States, where it 

 is planted for ornament and called China tree (Chapm.) ; and as verified by myself, to Taheiti, and 

 the Hawaiian Islands. 



M. composita, enumerated as distinct, was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh ii. p. 397, and 

 Wight ; by Graham, "a middle sized tree " called "neembarra" or " limbarra," on the "hilly parts 

 of the Concan, Parr Ghaut, not common." 



Canarium commune of the Malayan Archipelago. The 'Java almond or elemi tree, pinnate- 

 leaved and called in Hindustanee " junglee-badam " (Drur.), in Tagalo "palsahingin, 1 in Ylocano 

 "anten" (Blanco), was known to Avicenna as growing at Macassar — (Spreng.); was observed by 

 Blanco on the Philippines, the liquid resin procured from the trunk much used by the natives ; by 

 Rumphius ii. pi. 47 to 48, under cultivation on the Moluccas, where according to Ainslie its exuda- 

 tion is burned as a lamp ; by myself, under cultivation as far East as the Feejeean Islands. West- 

 ward, is known to occur on Java (Drur.) ; is termed "amyris Zeylanica" by Retz iv. 25, observed by 

 him on Ceylon ; was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, in peninsular Hindustan, yielding according 

 to Lindley "abundance of limpid oil, with a pungent turpentine smell, congealing in a buttery cam- 

 phoraceous substance," the " raw fruit eatable but apt to bring on diarrhoea." By European colonists ? 

 was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it is called "bois de colophane." From transported 

 specimens, is termed "colophonia Mauritiana " and " balsamodendron Zeylanicum " by Decandolle 

 prodr. ii. 76 to 79, and "bursera paniculata " by Lamarck (Lindl.). 



Mimosa abstergens of Hindustan. Called at Lahore "shekai" (Honigb.) ; and the "schekaaai" 

 of Avicenna, — may be compared: M. abstergens is described by Honigberger 403, as observed in 

 Hindustan (J. F. Wats.). 



Lathyrus tuberosus of the Uralian plains. Called by the Calmucks " sohnok " (Pall.), in Gei- 

 many " efdnuss " or " sewbrot " (Trag.) ; and the " harthanita " of Avicenna — is referred hereby 

 some writers : L. tuberosus was observed by Pallas trav. i. 513, cooked and eaten by the Calmucks; 

 by Tragus ii. pi. 19 in cultivated ground in Germany, its tuberous roots sometimes eaten, and much 

 sought for by swine ; is known to occur also in France (Pers.). 



Spiraa artaiais of Northern climates. Called in Germany " waldgeissbart " (Trag.), in Japan 

 " sjoma " or " torino asikusa '' (Sieb.) ; and the " barba hircina " described as astringent by Avi- 

 cenna, — and Serapion, may be compared : S. aruncus was observed by Tragus i. pi. 95 in Germany ; 

 is known to grow also on the Pyrenees and Jura (Dec), and on Caucasus (Bieb.) ; was observed by 



