OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 671 



Thunberg on mount Fakon in Japan ; by Siebold, on the island of Yeso ; by Gmelin, throughout 

 Siberia to Kamtschatka. Farther East, is known to grow on Puget Sound and from the mouth of 

 the Columbia to its source (Hook.) ; was observed by E. James on the Missouri ; by Beck, near St. 

 Louis ; by Michaux, on the Alleghanies from Georgia to Virginia; by Schweinitz, at 36 in Upper 

 Carolina ; and by Eaton, as far as the Catskill mountains. 



Manettia lanceolata of Tropical Arabia. Called in Yemen " laaeja " (Forsk.), and the "laija" 

 described by Avicenna as bitter and milky, or " Iaaijah " of Abu Khoraij, Elgafaki, and Ebn Baitar, 

 may be compared: M. lanceolata was observed by Forskal p. 42 everywhere on the mountains of 

 Yemen, the bruised root applied to ulcers. 



Memecylon tinctorium of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A highly ornamental shrub called 

 in Mahratta "anjun" or "anjuna" (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay "anjunee" (Graham), 

 in Telinga " alii chettu," in Tamil " kayampoovoocbeddi " or " casau-cheddy " or " casha-marum " 

 (Drur.), in Burmah " myen-khae-ta-nyet " (Mason); and the plant growing according to Avicenna 

 165 in Yemen and India, and dyeing yellow, — mentioned also by Serapion c 170, is referred here by 

 Sprengel: M. tinctorium was observed by Rheede v. pi. 19 in Malabar; by Murray, Law, and Gra- 

 ham, "common at Mahableshwur " and "along the Ghauts;" by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as 

 Travancore and Coromandel, cultivated besides in gardens, its fruit eaten and leaves "affording a 

 delicate yellow lake " (Drur.) : by Mason v. 419 to 512, indigenous in Burmah, its leaves affording 

 a bright yellow dye. Westward, if occurring in Yemen, doubtless only in gardens. 



Strychnos ignatia of the Philippines. Imported Ignatius beans are called in Arabic " nar- 

 muschk" (Mowafik ii. 96), in Persian " fafita," in Hindustanee "papita" (J. F. Wats.) ; in which we 

 recognize the " naarmesk " of Avicenna: — these beans are "used successfully in India as a remedy 

 for cholera" (Lindl.). Farther East, the living tree is described by Loureiro i. 155 ; was observed 

 by Blanco in the Bisayan portion of the Philippines, especially in Catbalogan, and called in Bisaya 

 " pangaguason " or "aguason" or "canlara" or "mananaog" or "dancagai" or "igasud" or "cata- 

 longa," in Pampango "pepita sa Catbalogan," in Tagalo " pepita " or " fruta," used in fevers and 

 against the bite of poisonous reptiles Described also by Kamel phil. trans, xxi. 88 and act. erud. 

 1700, and termed "caniram de St. Ignaco " by Petit Thouars (Steud.). 



Pergularia tomentosa of Nubia and Arabia. A woody Asclepiaceous vine called in middle 

 Egvpt 'Teben el-homarah " donkey's milk (Del.), in Yemen " daemia " (Forsk); the " lactuca asini " 

 of Avicenna — may be compared : P. tomentosa was observed by Forskal, and Delile, not far from 

 Cairo, growing in the Desert; by Forskal p cviii and 49, among the mountains of Yemen near Taaes. 

 Eastward, by Graham, "common in gardens Bombay," its "flowers yellow, very fragrant;" by 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; is described also by Rumphius \ii. pi. 26 ; was 

 observed by Mason v. 421 "exotic" in Burmah, cultivated for its fragrant flowers; is termed 

 " cynanchum odoratissimum " by Loureiro, as observed by him in Anam. 



Hvoscyamus pusillus of Persia. The yellow-flowered " bnj " of Avicenna 145, — and Serapion 

 c. 340, is referred here by Sprengel: H. pusillus is known to grow in Persia (Pers.): transported 

 to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 37. f. 5. 



Mentha piperita of Hindustan. Called in Egypt "lemmam" or "na'na" (Del., and Lindl.), in 

 which we recognize the "nana'' of Avicenna, — Edrisi, the treatise Erfahrungen, and Ebn Baitar: 

 the Coptic or Egyptian " soumanas " (Edw.) may also be compared: M. piperita was observed by 

 Forskal, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt. Farther North, has not been found in Greece, but is 

 described by Linnaeus, is well known in gardens throughout middle Europe, is called in Britain pep- 

 per 7iiint (Prior), and had become naturalized there before the days of Persoon. Eastward from 

 Eoypt, the "nana" is identified by Persian writers with the " podeena," a "species of mint culti- 

 vated in the gardens of Northwestern India" (Royle in Kitt. bibl. cycl.) ; M. piperita is called in 

 Bengalee and Hindustanee " pudina," also in Hindustanee "nana," and the liquor distilled from it 

 " araq-i-nana " (D'rozar.) ; was observed by Law "on the banks of the Yena at Mahableshwur," but 

 as occurring in gardens around Bombay is said by Nimmo to have been introduced from Europe 

 (Graham) : farther East, a species of mint "exotic" in Burmah and called "boo-dee-na" is enume- 

 rated by Mason ; and M. piperita was observed by Thunberg in Japan, around Nagasaki and called 

 "faki." By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues to be culti- 

 vated, and to a limited extent has become naturalized (A. Gray, and Chapm.) ; also to South Amer- 

 ica (Lindl.). According to Pereira, is "an aromatic stimulant and the most pleasant of all the 

 mints." (See M. arvensis.) 



Salicomia Arabica of the shores of the Red Sea. Called by Arabs in Hindustan "ushnan " 

 (I. F. Wats., U. U. 163, B. 69), in which we recognize the "aschnaanun" of Avicenna — (Kirst), or 

 " uschnan " of Ebn Baitar: S. Arabica was observed by Forskal p. 3 on the shore of the Red Sea 

 from Ghomfude to Djidda ; by Pallas trav. i. 745, on salines near the Caspian. From transported 

 specimens, is described by Morison ii. 5. pi. 33. 



